完形填空解題策略與技巧第一招:[依上下,重語境]
完形填空考查同學(xué)們對語境的理解,半數(shù)以上的題目都是語篇層次上的語義辨析。答題時要有全局意識。
1. 需“瞻前”
例1 (2016·全國II卷) She gave me a 53, (comforting) smile, nodded while listening patiently, and then printed out the 54 immediately.
54. A. bill B. form C. ticket D. list
解析 C。根據(jù)前文One morning, I had to 50, (book) an immediate flight home for a family emergency.可知,此處指的是“立刻打印出了票”,故選C項(xiàng)。
2. 需“顧后”
例2 (2016·全國卷Ⅰ) One more look and he noticed 45 shooting out from under the 46 (disabled) vehicle.
45. A. flames B. smoke C. water D. steam
解析 A。由后面Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out.可知,從損毀的汽車下冒出的是flames“火焰”,而不是smoke“煙”。
3. 需“瞻前顧后”
例3 (2015·廣東卷) On the whole, our population is getting older. The 11 in our population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way of life. Some people fear such changes will be for the worse, while some see 12 (chances), not disaster.
11. A. changes B. recovery C. safety D. increases
解析 A。聯(lián)系上一句話中的getting older和下一句話中的such changes可以判斷,人類壽命的延長和人口老齡化這些“變化(changes)”正對我們的社會發(fā)展和生活方式產(chǎn)生持久的影響,故選A項(xiàng)。
4. 需通覽全文
有些題目僅依據(jù)上下文找不出答案,文中沒有明確的信息,只有通覽全文,把握主題,才能確定正確答案。
例5 (2013·重慶卷) On the day Joe graduated, he presented the teacher with his most 47 (precious) possession—the picture of a bright yellow sun. On the picture Joe had written: This is the day I 48 my brightness.
48. A. woke up to B. put up with
C. got on with D. looked down upon
解析 A。全文講述了喬從開始上學(xué)一直到四年級都不太順利。直到一個有暴風(fēng)雨的下午,他在課堂上的表現(xiàn)非常好而受到數(shù)學(xué)老師的表揚(yáng)。正是由于老師的鼓勵,喬才認(rèn)識到了自己閃光的一面,而這天下午也是他認(rèn)識改變的開始。A項(xiàng)意為“認(rèn)識到”,故選A項(xiàng)。
完形填空解題策略與技巧第二招:[找標(biāo)志,理邏輯]
借助語篇標(biāo)志,理清邏輯關(guān)系,有助于快速準(zhǔn)確地找出正確答案。
1. 轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系
例6 (2015·全國卷Ⅰ) We were 48 on cash ourselves, but ... well, sometimes 49 (giving) from our need instead of our abundance is 50, (just) what we need to do!
48. A. easy B. low
C. soft D. loose
解析 B。由下文中but可知,前面應(yīng)該說“我們本身現(xiàn)金不足”,故填low,意思是“很少,不足”。
2. 因果關(guān)系
例8 (2015·天津卷) Although her description sounded wonderful, the price was 18 our range, so we declined.
18. A. below B. within C. beyond D. between
解析 C。由后面的so we declined(因此我們拒絕了)可反推前面的原因是“價(jià)格超出了我們的能力范圍”,因此選beyond,指“超出……的范圍”。
3. 并列關(guān)系
例9 (2015·四川卷) That second year, the rabbits 15 me, and one would even sit up for slices!
15. A. feared B. ignored
C. discovered D. remembered
解析 D。由后面的并列句and one would even sit up for slices可知,第二年有一只野兔甚至坐等吃胡蘿卜片。由此可以推知野兔對作者的戒備心理消失了。
4. 讓步關(guān)系
例10 (2015·江蘇卷) I’m an ambitious 40, (writer), and when I started going through chemo(化療), even though I’m a very 41 person, I lost my drive to write.
41. A. positive B. agreeable
C. humorous D. honest
解析 A。該句中even though引導(dǎo)的是讓步狀語從句,然后根據(jù)后面的“我失去了寫作的動力”可以推知前面應(yīng)該是“我雖然是個積極樂觀的人”,故填positive。
完形填空解題策略與技巧第三招:[溯根源,查復(fù)現(xiàn)]
在完形填空試題中,有些詞語常常重復(fù)出現(xiàn)在語篇之中。詞匯的復(fù)現(xiàn)使語篇構(gòu)成一個前后呼應(yīng)的整體。語篇復(fù)現(xiàn)的信息包括原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、同義或近義復(fù)現(xiàn)、反義復(fù)現(xiàn)、概括詞復(fù)現(xiàn)和代詞復(fù)現(xiàn)等。
例12 (2013·重慶卷) No one 41 the concepts. Except for Joe. He understood them and answered all the questions correctly.
41. A. challenged B. grasped
C. doubted D. admitted
解析 B。句意為“除了喬,沒有一個人領(lǐng)會這些概念”。grasped與后文中的understood形成同義復(fù)現(xiàn)。
完形填空解題策略與技巧第四招:[依情感,識褒貶]
夾敘夾議的記敘文中,作者對人與事的好惡表現(xiàn)在字里行間。因此,把握作者的情感態(tài)度往往能快速鎖定答案。
例13 (2016·全國卷Ⅱ) Rushing out 55 I called out over my shoulder, “By the way, what’s your name?” “I’m Rani,” she said.
55. A. hopefully B. disappointedly
C. gratefully D. regretfully
解析 C。由前文“What a wonderful lady!” I thought.以及Rani幫助作者很快打出了機(jī)票可知,此處表達(dá)的是正面的感情色彩排除B、D項(xiàng)。作者對Rani的幫助應(yīng)該是感激的,所以選擇C項(xiàng)。
完形填空解題策略與技巧第五招:[遇搭配、直接選]
完形填空有時考查同學(xué)們對習(xí)慣搭配和固定句型的掌握。
例15 (2016·全國卷Ⅰ) The man who had his bright lights on 48 (came over) and told Larry he had 49 an emergency call.
49. A. returned B. received C. made D. confirmed
解析 C。根據(jù)上下文意可知,那位亮著車燈的車主走過來告訴Larry他已經(jīng)打了急救電話。由固定搭配可知,“打電話”用make a call,故選C項(xiàng)。
完形填空解題策略與技巧第六招:[涉語法、按規(guī)則]
但是當(dāng)涉及從句的引導(dǎo)詞、情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣等語法項(xiàng)目時,要按照規(guī)則進(jìn)行選擇。
例16 (2015·天津卷) But every day, we would sit by the lake, looking at the house and dreaming of 22 it would be like to live there.
22. A. which B. why C. that D. what
解析 D。四個選項(xiàng)都是連詞,說明此處考查從句的引導(dǎo)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,從句位于介詞of后,應(yīng)是賓語從句。從句中would be like后缺少賓語,根據(jù)名詞性從句中缺什么成分補(bǔ)什么成分的原則,應(yīng)填賓語的連接代詞what。
例17 (2014·福建卷) From my second grade on, there was one event I feared every year: the piano recital(獨(dú)奏會). A recital 36 (meant) I had to practice a boring piece of music and perform before strangers. Each year I 37 ask my father if I could skip the recital “just this once”.
37. A. would B. could C. might D. should
解析 A。句意為“每年我都會問父親我是否可以跳過獨(dú)奏會——哪怕僅僅一次”。由此可知,這應(yīng)該是過去的習(xí)慣性行為。would可以表示過去的一種習(xí)慣。