被動語態(tài)

被動語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：
 主語+be +過去分詞(+by+動作的發(fā)出者）
① 一般現(xiàn)在時：am/is/are+過去分詞
如：Trees are planted every year. 
② 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時 am/is/are+ being +過去分詞
如：The road is being repaired.  
③ 現(xiàn)在完成時 have/has + been +過去分詞
如：The work has been finished. 
④ 一般過去時 was/were + 過去分詞
如：The story was told by him. 
Many birds were killed last year. 
⑤過去進(jìn)行時 was/were+ being + 過去分詞
如：The new house was being painted when I got home. 
⑥過去完成時 had +been+ 過去分詞
如： He told me that the work had been finished. 
⑦一般將來時  will +be + 過去分詞
如： The problem will be discussed tomorrow. 
⑧ 過去將來時 would/should +be +過去分詞
如：He said that the Christmas tree would be put up soon.
⑨情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)
情態(tài)動詞+ be +過去分詞     
如：The problem must be solved soon.
Children should be taught to love animals.

被動語態(tài)關(guān)注點(diǎn)：
1. 不及物動詞無被動語態(tài)。 
如：happen, break down, come out......
　　What will happen in 100 years. 
　　The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago. 
2. 有些動詞用主動形式表示被動意義。 
如：write, sell, ride.....
　　This pen writes well. 
　　This new book sells well. 
3. 感官動詞或使役動詞使用省略to的動詞不定式，主動語態(tài)中不帶“to”，但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，須加上“to”。 
例：make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something 
　　see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something 
　　A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by. 
　　The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss. 
4. 如果是接雙賓語的動詞改為被動語態(tài)時，直接賓語（物）作主語，那么動詞后要用介詞，這個介詞是由與其搭配的動詞決定。 
　　He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him. 
　　He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him. 
　　My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father. 
5. 一些動詞短語用于被動語態(tài)時，動詞短語應(yīng)當(dāng)看作一個整體，而不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。 
　　We can’t laugh at him. →He can’t be laughed at by us. 
　　He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day. 
　　The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.
　　構(gòu)成
　　be+done.