量詞:
用來表示人、事物或動作的數(shù)量單位的詞。
如:a bottle / glass of,a cup of,a piece of,a pair of
量詞詞組特點:
特點一:
英語量詞詞組所表示的數(shù)或量,大致可歸納為四種類型,即定量、不定量、大量和少量。
1.表示定量的量詞詞組,譬如:
a couple of(兩個、一對)
a couple of days,
a couple of players,
a couple of times;
a cupful of(一滿杯)
a cupful of jelly,
a cupful of water;
a portion of(一份/客)
a portion of duck,
a portion of roast beef.
2.表示不定量的量詞詞組,譬如:
a majority of(大多數(shù)/大半)
a majority of opinions,a majority of votes;
an atom of(一點)
an atom of food,an atom of truth;
a spell of(一陣/一段時間)
a spell of fine weather,
a spell of coughing.
3.表示大量的量詞詞組,譬如:
a flood of—a flood of ink(洋洋大篇),
a flood of tears(淚如泉涌);
a heap of—a heap of earth(一堆泥土),
a heap of customers(許多顧客);
a mountain of—a mountain of debts(債臺高筑),
a mountain of difficulties(困難重重).
4.表示少量的量詞詞組,譬如:
a drop of—a drop of fever(有點熱度),
a drop of dew(一點露水);
a particle of—a particle of feeling(一絲感情),
a particle of dust(一點灰塵);
a shadow of—a shadow of doubt(一點懷疑),
a shadow of freedom(一點自由).
特點二:
有些數(shù)量詞組修飾可數(shù)名詞,有些數(shù)量詞組修飾不可數(shù)名詞,還有些則兩者均可修飾。
1.修飾不可數(shù)名詞的量詞詞組,譬如:
a bit of—a bit of English(一點英語),
a bit of good advice(一些好意見),
a bit of interest(一點興趣),
a shred of—a shred of evidence(一點證據(jù)),
a shred of cloth(少量布),
a shred of reputation(一點聲譽),
a sheet of—a sheet of glass(一塊玻璃),
a sheet of water(一片汪洋)。
2.修飾可數(shù)名詞的量詞詞組,譬如:
a cluster of—a cluster of flowers(一簇花),
a cluster of spectators(一群觀眾),
a cluster of bright stars(閃爍群星),
a string of—a string of pearls(一串珠子),
a string of curses(連續(xù)不斷的咒罵),
a string of excuses(一連串借口),
a scram of—a scram of mosquitoes(一群蚊子),
a scram of geese(一群鵝),
a scram of children(一群孩子)
3.修飾(不)可數(shù)名詞的量詞詞組,譬如:
a body of—a body of bees(一群蜜蜂),
a body of cold air(一股冷空氣),
a body of facts(許多事實),
a block of—a block of ice(一大塊冰),
a block of flats(一幢公寓),
a block of houses(一排房子),
a chain of—a chain of ideas(一系列想法),
a chain of accidents(一連串事故),a chain of proof(一連串證據(jù))。
特點三:有些數(shù)量詞組的搭配是固定的,而有些搭配則比較靈活。
1.搭配固定的量詞詞組,譬如:
a barrel of—a barrel of beer(一桶啤酒),
a barrel of crude oil(一桶原油),
a basket of—a basket of eggs(一籃雞蛋),
a basket of apples(一籃蘋果),
a line of—a line of trees(一行樹),
a line of poetry(一行詩)。
2.搭配較靈活的量詞詞組,譬如:
a piece of—a piece of paper(一張紙),
a piece of furniture(一件家具),
a piece of equipment(一臺設(shè)備),
a round of—a round of spirit(一巡酒),
a round of diplomatic talks(一輪外交談判),
a round of toast(一片烤面包)
a bar of—a bar of chocolate(一塊巧克力),
a bar of soap(一條肥皂),
a bar of light(一束光)。
常見量詞詞組:
1. 一般性的表示個數(shù)的量詞:
這一組中主要有piece, bit, item, article 等詞,但piece具有獨特的地位,在使用其他詞的地方一般都可使用piece 代替之。比如:
piece a piece of meat/paper/bread/music/information/furniture/machinery, etc. 一片肉/一張紙/一片面包/一首曲子/一條信息/一件家具/一臺機器等
bit a bit of news/wood/advice/trouble, etc. 一條消息/一塊木頭/一條建議/一件麻煩事等
item an item of news/crime/program/business, etc. 一條新聞/一宗罪行/一個項目/一筆生意等
article an article of export/ furniture/ clothing/ luggage, etc. 一宗出口/一件家具/一件衣服/一件行李等
2. 以形狀表示個數(shù)的量詞:
bar a bar of chocolate/candy 一塊巧克力/一塊糖
bunch a bunch of flowers/grapes/ keys 一束花/一串葡萄/一串鑰匙
cake a cake of soap/ice一塊肥皂/一塊冰
cluster a cluster of stars/flowers/animals一群星/一束花/一群動物
comb a comb of bananas 一串香蕉
drop a drop of rain/ blood 一滴雨/一滴血
ear an ear of corn/wheat一棒玉米/一穗麥子
flight a flight of stairs/arrows/sparrows一段樓梯/一陣箭雨/一群麻雀
flock a flock of workmen/criminals/boys 一群工人/一伙罪犯/一群男孩
head a head of cabbage/cauliflower/sheep 一頭卷心菜/一塊花菜/一頭羊
lump a lump of sugar/coal/clay一塊糖/一塊煤/一塊土
spiral a spiral of mosquito incense 一盤蚊香
slice a slice of meat/bread/beef一片肉/一片面包/一塊牛肉
swarm a swarm of bees一群蜜蜂
bevy a bevy of beauties/girls/ladies 一群美人/一群女孩/一群女士
gathering a gathering of friends一幫朋友
clump a clump of trees一叢樹林
pack a pack of rascals/wolves一群流氓/一群狼
3. 表示容積的詞:
bottle a bottle of ink/milk/wine 一瓶酒/一瓶牛奶/一瓶葡萄酒
bowl a bowl of rice/porridge 一碗米飯/一碗粥
pail a pail of water 一桶水
glass a glass of beer 一杯啤酒
cup a cup of tea 一杯茶
handful a handful of soil 一抔土
spoonful a spoonful of oil 一湯匙油
mouthful a mouthful of snow 一口雪
truckload a truckload of steel 一卡車鋼材
a packet of cigarette一包煙
4. 表示行為動態(tài)的量詞:
fit a fit of laughter 一陣笑聲
peal a peal of thunder 一陣雷聲
flash a flash of light 一道閃電
display a display of force 一番武力展示