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 欄目類別:知識點(diǎn) >> 初中 >> 英語

副詞

更新時(shí)間:2016/7/20 10:55:00  手機(jī)版

  副詞:

  是一種用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、全句的詞,說明時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、程度、方式等概念的詞。副詞是一種半虛半實(shí)的詞。

  副詞可分為:地點(diǎn)副詞、方式副詞、程度副詞、疑問副詞和連接副詞。

  副詞連用順序:程度副詞+方式副詞+地點(diǎn)副詞+時(shí)間副詞。

  副詞分類:

  1、時(shí)間副詞有三類:always, often, usually, sometimes, never, ever, hardly等一般位于系動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞之后,實(shí)之前義動(dòng)詞

  1)表示發(fā)生時(shí)間的副詞:

  It’s beginning to rain now!  現(xiàn)在開始下雨了!

  2)表示頻繁程度的副詞,也稱頻度副詞always, often, usually, sometimes, never, ever, hardly等一般位于系動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞之后,實(shí)之前義動(dòng)詞:

  She often changes her mind.  她常改變主意。

  3)還有一些其他表示時(shí)間的副詞:

  He has just had an operation. 他剛動(dòng)過手術(shù)。

  2、地點(diǎn)副詞:

  1)有不少表示地點(diǎn)的副詞:

  She is studying abroad.  她在國外留學(xué)。

  2)還有一些部分與介詞同形的副詞。它們與介詞同形,跟賓語的是介詞,否則是副詞:

 、儆米鹘樵~:Stand up!  起立!

 、谟米鞲痹~:A cat climbed up the tree.  貓爬上了樹。

  3)以where 構(gòu)成的副詞也是地點(diǎn)副詞:

  It’s the same everywhere.  到處都一樣。

  3、方式副詞:

  carefully, properly(適當(dāng)?shù)?, anxiously(焦慮地), suddenly, normally(正常地), fast, well, calmly(冷靜地), politely(有禮貌地), proudly(自豪地), softly, warmly ,slowly

  4、程度副詞:

  much,little, very,rather(相當(dāng)),so,too,still, quite, perfectly(完美地), enough, extremely(非常), entirely(整個(gè)),almost, slightly(細(xì)小地), hardly.

  5、疑問副詞:

  how, when, where, why.

  6、關(guān)系副詞:

  when, where, why.等。

  7、 連接副詞:

  therefore(因此),moreover(此外),however,otherwise(另外的),then,when ,where,how,why等。

  副詞的語法作用:

  副詞在句中可作狀語,表語,補(bǔ)語,定語。

  He works hard. (作狀語)

  他工作努力。

  You speak English very well. (作狀語)

  你英語講的相當(dāng)好。

  Is she in ? (作表語)

  她在家嗎?

  Let's be out. (作表語)

  讓我們出去吧。

  Food here is hardly to get. (here作定語,hardly作狀語)

  這兒很難弄到食物。

  Let him out!(作補(bǔ)語)

  讓他出去!

  修飾名詞的副詞放在被修飾詞之后

  a. The villagers there are busy getting in wheat.

  不同類型副詞的用法比較:

  方式副詞:

  1)英語中有大量方式副詞,說明行為方式(回答how的問題):

  How beautifully your wife dances.  你夫人舞跳的真美。

  2)還有相當(dāng)多的副詞,表示某些情緒:

  She smiled gratefully.  她感激的笑了笑。

  3)還有一些以-ly結(jié)尾的副詞,表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的狀況:

  He left the town secretly. 他悄然離開了這座城市。

  程度副詞和強(qiáng)調(diào)副詞 :

  1)程度副詞可修飾動(dòng)詞,表示“到某種程度”:   Is she badly hurt?  她傷得重嗎?

  [說明] 這類副詞除修飾動(dòng)詞外,還可修飾形容詞(a)或另一副詞(b):

  a. fairly simple 相當(dāng)簡單      quite correct 完全正確

  b. wonderfully well 好極了    do it very quickly 干得很快

  2)much 是一個(gè)特殊的程度副詞,它可以:

  a. 修飾形容詞等:

  I’m not much good at singing. 我唱歌不太好。

  b. 修飾比較級:

  You sing much better than me. 你比我唱的好多了。

  Their house is much nicer than ours. 他們的房子比我們的好多了。

  疑問副詞和連接副詞:

  1)疑問副詞:疑問副詞用來引導(dǎo)特殊問句:

  how: How is your grandmother? 你奶奶身體好嗎?

  where: Where does she come from? 她是哪兒人?

  when: When can you come? 你什么時(shí)候能來?

  why: Why was he so late? 他為什么來得這么晚?

  2)連接副詞:連接副詞意思和詞形都和疑問副詞一樣,但都引導(dǎo)從句或與不定式連用:

  how: Do you know how to start this machine? 你知道這臺機(jī)器怎樣啟動(dòng)嗎?

  where: I don’t know where he lives. 我不知道他住在哪兒。(引導(dǎo)賓語從句)

  when: Tell me when you’ll be ready. 告訴我你什么時(shí)候準(zhǔn)備好。(引導(dǎo)賓語從句)

  why: That’s why I came round. 這就是我來的原因。(引導(dǎo)表語從句)

  一些其它類型的副詞,如表示方向的副詞:

  Let’s go inside. 咱們到里面去。

  Take two steps forward. 向前走兩步。

  副詞的位置:

  1、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞前,be動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后。

  I am also Bush.

  I can also do that.

  I also want to play that games.

  I get up early in the morning everyday. 我每天早早起床。

  He gave me a gift yesterday. 他昨天給了我一件禮物。

  She didn't drink water enough. 她喝的水不夠。

  The train goes fast. 火車跑得快。

  We can go to this school freely. 我們可以免費(fèi)到這家學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)。

  They left a life hardly then. 當(dāng)時(shí)他們的生活很艱難。

  He has a new hat on today. 他今天戴了一頂新帽子。

  I have seen this film twice with my friends. 這部電影我和朋友看過兩次。

  2、副詞修飾形容詞,副詞時(shí),副詞在前面,而被修飾的詞在后面。

  It's rather easy, I can do it. 這很容易,我能做到。

  He did it quite well. 他做得相當(dāng)好。

  It's rather difficult to tell who is right.很難說誰是對的。

  It's so important that I must tell my friends. 這件事太重要了,我得告訴我的朋友。

  It's much better. 好多了。

  3、頻度副詞可放在實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的前面,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞的后面。

  I often help him these days. 這些日子我經(jīng)常幫助他。

  I always remember the day when I first came to this school.

  我常常記得我第一次來學(xué)校的那一天。

  You mustn't always help me. 你不能老是幫助我。

  He seldom comes to see us. 他很少來看我們。

  We usually go shopping once a week. 我們通常一周買一次東西。

  The new students don't always go to dance. 新學(xué)生并不時(shí)常去跳舞。

  4、疑問副詞,連接副詞,關(guān)系副詞以及修飾整個(gè)句子的副詞,通常放在句子或從句的前面。

  When do you study everyday? 你每天什么時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)?

  Can you tell me how you did it? 你能告訴我你如何做的嗎?

  First, let me ask you some questions. 先讓我來問幾個(gè)問題。

  How much does this bike cost? 這輛車子多少錢?

  Either you go or he comes. 不是你去就是他來。

  The students were reading when the teacher came into the classroom. 當(dāng)老師進(jìn)教室時(shí),學(xué)生們正在讀書。

  5、時(shí)間副詞和地點(diǎn)副詞在一個(gè)句中, 地點(diǎn)副詞在前面時(shí)間副詞在后面。

  We went shopping in the supermarket at 9 o'clock yesterday.

  昨天九點(diǎn)鐘我們到超市買東西了.

  What were you doing in the classroom yesterday afternoon?

  昨天下午你在教室里干什么?

  The accident took place in the Eleven Avenue one hour ago.

  一小時(shí)前十一號大街發(fā)生了一場事故。

  6、否定副詞在句首,句子要倒裝,如:

  Never have I felt so excited!

  兼有兩種形式的副詞:

  1) close與closely

  close意思是"近"; closely 意思是"仔細(xì)地"

  He is sitting close to me.

  Watch him closely.

  2) late 與lately

  late意思是"晚"; lately 意思是"最近"

  You have come too late.

  What have you been doing lately?

  3) deep與deeply

  deep意思是"深",表示空間深度;deeply時(shí)常表示感情上的深度,"深深地"

  He pushed the stick deep into the mud.

  Even father was deeply moved by the film.

  4) high與highly

  high表示空間高度;highly表示程度,相當(dāng)于much

  The plane was flying high.

  I think highly of your opinion.

  5) wide與widely

  wide表示空間寬度;widely意思是"廣泛地","在許多地方"

  He opened the door wide.

  English is widely used in the world.

  6) free與freely

  free的意思是"免費(fèi)";freely 的意思是"無限制地"

  You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.

  You may speak freely; say what you like.

  副詞有加a或ly的 區(qū)別在于通常加a 的副詞描述一種狀態(tài),而加ly 的副詞則傾向于感覺。

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