直接引語和間接引語：
引用別人的話有兩種方式，一種是講述別人的原話，并把它放在引號里，這叫直接引語；
另一種是用自己的話來轉述別人，并且不能用引號，這就是間接引語。直接引語和間接引語之間可以互相轉換。
直接引語和間接引語關系:
直接引語：直接引述別人的話（句子中有“”）。
間接引語：用自己的話轉述別人的話，叫“間接引語”（句子中一般無“”）
間接引語在大多數情況下是一個賓語從語。直接引語變成間接引語時，要注意以下幾點：
人稱變化、時態(tài)變化、賓語從句要用陳述句語序。
1.直接引語是陳述句，變成間接引語時，由連詞that 引導。例如：
She said, "I am very happy to help you."→She said that she was very happy to help you.
2. 直接引語是一般(選擇/反意)疑問句，變成間接引語時，由連詞whether或if 引導。例如：
He asked me, "Do you like playing football?"→He asked me if/whether I liked playing football.
注意：大多數情況下，if和whether 可以互換，但后有or not,或在動詞不定式前，或放在介詞后作連接詞時，一般只用whether。例如：
She asked me whether he could do it or not.
He hesitated about whether to drive or take the train.
3. 直接引語是特殊疑問句，變成間接引語時，由相應的疑問詞who, whom, whose, how, when, why, where 等引導。例如：
My sister asked me, "How do you like the film?"→My sister asked me how I liked the film.
4. 直接引語是祈使句，變成間接引語時，把動詞原形變成動詞不定式，并在動詞不定前加tell, ask, order 等的賓語。例如：
The captain ordered, "Be quiet."→The captain ordered us to be quiet.
注意：此種情況的否定句，在動詞不定式前加not。
My teacher asked me, "Don't laugh."→My teacher asked me not to laugh.
一些注意事項:
(1)如果直接引語是表示客觀真理時，變?yōu)殚g接引語，一般現(xiàn)在時不改為一般過去時。如：
The teacher said "The earth goes round the sun."
→The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
(2)如果直接引語中有明確表示過時間的狀語，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，一般過去時不改為過去完成時。如：
He said to me, "I was born in 1973."
→He told me that he was born in 1973.
(3)如果直接引語所述事實在當時和目前同樣生效，變?yōu)殚g接賓語時，一般現(xiàn)在時不改為一般過去時。如：
He said, "I'm a boy, not a girl."
→He said that he is a boy ,not a girl.
(4)如果直接引語中的謂語動詞表示一種反復出現(xiàn)或習慣動作，
在變?yōu)殚g接引時，一般現(xiàn)在時不改為一般過去時。如：
The girl said, "I get up at six every morning."
→The girl said that she gets up at six every morning.
(5)如果直接引語中含有since, when, while 引導的表示過去時間的狀語從句，
在變?yōu)殚g接引語時，只改變主句中的謂語動詞，從句的一般過去時則不變。如：
He said to me, "I have taught English since he came here ."
→He told me that he had taught English since he came here.
(6)如果直接引語中含有情態(tài)動詞 must, need, had better以及情態(tài)動詞的過去式could, might, should, would,
在變?yōu)殚g接引語時，這些情態(tài)動詞沒有時態(tài)的改變。例如：
The teacher said to me . "You must pay more attention to your pronunciation."
→The teacher told me that I must (have to ) pay more attention to my pronunciation.
He said , "I could swim when I was only six ."
→He said that he could swim when he was only six.
(7)間接引語一般要用陳述句的語序，即主、謂、賓的順序。例如：
He asked Lucy, "Where did you go?"→He asked Lucy where she went.
Tom said, "What do you want, Ann?"→Tom asked Ann what she wanted.
直接引語變間接引語:
A.一般不表示請求或祈使的句子改為一個賓語從句
1.連詞
若直接引語引號里的內容是陳述句，那么改為間接時，要用連詞 that (可以省略)
……………….一般疑問句，…….，要用連詞 if/whether (不可以省略)
……………….特殊疑問句，…….，要用連詞 wh- 即特殊疑問詞本身（不可省）
2.變化
�。�1）主句動詞的變化
一般說來，主句謂語動詞常為said或said to，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，當直接引語是陳述句時，said不變。
當直接引語是一般疑問句和特殊疑問句時，則要把said或said to變?yōu)閍sked / asked sb.
�。�2）從句人稱的變化
由直接引語變間接引語時，從句的主語人稱要遵循一主、二賓、三不變的原則。
①直接引語的主語是第一人稱變?yōu)殚g接引語時要和主句的主語保持一致。
�、谌绻苯右Z的主語是第二人稱變?yōu)殚g接引語時要與主句的賓語保持一致。
�、廴绻苯右Z的主語是第三人稱變?yōu)殚g接引語時，人稱不變。例如：
�、賂hey said, “We will go there by bus.” →They said they would go there by bus.
�、赟he said to me, “Are you interested in science?” →She asked me if I was interested in science.
③His mother said to me, “He can't go to school.” →His mother told me that he couldn't go to school.
�。�3）、從句動詞時態(tài)的變化
a. 如果主句的時態(tài)是一般過去時，從句的時態(tài)則應是與主句時態(tài)相應的過去時態(tài)。
�、僖话悻F(xiàn)在時→一般過去時；
②一般過去時→過去完成時；
�、郜F(xiàn)在進行時→過去進行時；
�、墁F(xiàn)在完成時→過去完成時；
⑤過去完成時→過去完成時（不變）；
⑥一般將來時→過去將來時。例如：
The girl said, “I'm sorry for being late for class.” →The girl said that she was sorry for being late for class.
b. 直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，如果主句中的謂語動詞是一般現(xiàn)在時或一般將來時，則間接引語從句的時態(tài)保持不變。例如：
He says, “I have finished my homework.” →He says that he has finished his homework.
She will say, “I'll do it tomorrow.” →She will say that she'll do it the next day.
c. 直接引語如果是客觀事實或真理，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，從句時態(tài)不變。例如：
The teacher said, “The earth moves around the sun.” →The teacher said that the earth moves around the sun.
�。�4）、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語和動詞的變化
直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，指示代詞的變化為this→that， these→those等；
時間狀語的變化為now→then， today→that day， yesterday→the day before, tomorrow→the next day等；
地點狀語的變化為here→there；動詞的變化為come→go（go 不要變come）。例如：
1. She said, “I will come this evening.” →She said that she would go that evening.
2. He said, “My sister was here three days ago, but she is not here now.” →He said that his sister had been there three days before, but she was not there then.
B.表示請求或祈使的句子改為句型tell/ask/order sb (not) to do sth
當直接引語引號里的內容表示要求時用tell sb (not) to do sth
當直接引語引號里的內容表示請求時用ask sb (not) to do sth
當直接引語引號里的內容表示強制要求時用order sb (not) to do sth