狀語從句：
指句子用作狀語時，起副詞作用的句子。它可以修飾謂語、非謂語動詞、定語、狀語或整個句子。
根據(jù)其作用可分為時間、地點、原因、條件、目的、結(jié)果、讓步、方式和比較等從句。
狀語從句一般由連詞(從屬連詞)引導，也可以由詞組引起。
從句位于句首或句中時通常用逗號與主句隔開，位于句尾時可以不用逗號隔開。
狀語從句分類:
1、時間狀語從句
常用引導詞：
when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until
特殊引導詞：
the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day,the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when
I didn't realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.
While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.
The children ran away from the orchard(果園) the moment they saw the guard.
No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.
Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.
2、地點狀語從句
常用引導詞：
where
特殊引導詞：
wherever, anywhere, everywhere
Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.
Wherever you go, you should work hard.
3、原因狀語從句
常用引導詞：
because, since, as, for
特殊引導詞：
seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that, considering that, as much as, so much as
My friends dislike me because I'm handsome and successful.
Now that everybody has come, let's begin our conference.
The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.
Considering that he is no more than 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite remarkable.
4、目的狀語從句
常用引導詞：
so that, in order that
特殊引導詞：
lest, in case, for fear that,in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that
The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.
The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.
5、結(jié)果狀語從句
常用引導詞：
so that, so… that, such … that,
特殊引導詞：
such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,
He got up so early that he caught the first bus.
It's such a good chance that we must not miss it.
To such an degree was he excited that he couldn't sleep last night.
6、條件狀語從句
常用引導詞：
if, unless,
特殊引導詞：
as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, suppose that, in case that, on condition that
We'll start our project if the president agrees.
You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.
Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.
7、讓步狀語從句
常用引導詞：
though, although, even if, even though
特殊引導詞：
as(用在讓步狀語從句中必須要倒裝),while ( 一般用在句首 ),no matter …, in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever
Much as I respect him, I can't agree to his proposal.
盡管我很尊敬他, 我卻不同意他的建議。
The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.
No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.
He won't listen whatever you may say.
8、比較狀語從句
常用引導詞：
as(同級比較), than(不同程度的比較)
特殊引導詞：
the more … the more … ; just as …, so…; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no … more than; not A so much as B
She is as bad-tempered as her mother.
The house is three times as big as ours.
The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.
Food is to men what oil is to machine. 食物之于人,猶如油之于機器。
9、方式狀語從句
常用引導詞：
as, as if, how
特殊引導詞：
the way
When in Rome, do as the Roman do.
She behaved as if she were the boss.
Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.
狀語從句用法:
時間狀語從句
(1) when引導的時間狀語從句
①.when引導的時間狀語從句，其動詞既可以是延續(xù)性動作的動詞，也可以是瞬間性動作的動詞，而且可以表示主句的動作和從句的動作同時發(fā)生，或者從句的動作發(fā)生在主句的動作之前。如：
when you apply for a job, you must present your credentials.
當你申請工作時，你必須遞交你的有關(guān)證件。（同時）
when the students heard the teacher’s footsteps, they all atopped talking.
當學生們聽到老師的腳步聲時，他們都停止了講話。（從句動作發(fā)生在前）
② when還可表示just then（正在那時，突然）的意思，此時其所引導的從句只放在主句之后。如：
we were about to start when it began to rain.
我們正要動身，突然天下起雨來。
The game had hardly/scarcely/barely begun when it started raining.
比賽剛剛開始就下起雨來。
(2) as引導的時間狀語從句
as引導的時間狀語從句其動詞的動作是延續(xù)性的，而且側(cè)重表示主句和從句的動作并相發(fā)生：
We were having breakfast as she was combing her hair.
她梳頭時我們在吃早飯。
It will warm up a little bit on Sunday as the cold front passes.
寒流一過，星期日就會有點暖意了。
(3) while引導的時間狀語從句
while表示“在某一段時間里”或“在……期間”，其所引導的從句的動作是延續(xù)性的，并側(cè)重表示和主句的動作同時發(fā)生。如：
When the teacher paraphrased the text in English, the students listened attentively and took notes.
當老師用英語解釋課文時，學生們聚精會神地聽并做著筆記。
I can learn while I work.
我可以邊工作邊學習。
(4) before引導的時間狀語從句
① before“在……之前”
I have finished my dissertation before my supervisor went abroad.
在我的導師出國之前，我已完成了我的學位論文。
I’ll be back before you have left.
你離開之前我就會回來。
�、� before“……之后才”
It may be many years before we meet again.
可能要過許多年我們才能再見了。
It was three days before I came back.
他三天后才回來。
(5) as soon as/once/directly/the instant等引導的時間狀語從句
as soon as 是最常見的表示“一……就”的從屬連詞，其他連詞還有once，directly，immediately，instantly，the instant (that)，the minute(that) ，the moment(that)等，它們通常都可與as soon as換用。如：
As soon as we got home, the telephone rang.
我們一到家，電話就響了。
I recognized her immediately I saw her.
我一看見她就認出她來了。
Directly the teacher came in everyone was quiet.
老師一進來，大家就靜了下來。
(6) hardly...when/no sooner...than引導的時間狀語從句
關(guān)聯(lián)從屬連詞hardly/barely/scarcely...when和no sooner...than的意思是“剛……就”，它們所引導的從句中的謂語動詞通常為過去完成時。如：
He had no sooner (no sooner had he)arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey.
他剛一到家，就又要他出另一次差。
No sooner had the words been spoken than he realized that he should have remained silent.
這些話剛一出口，他就意識到自己應(yīng)該保持沉默。
(7) since引導的時間狀語從句
在含有since引導的時間狀語從句的復合句中，從句的謂語動詞通常為一般過去時，主句的謂語動詞通常為現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時和一般現(xiàn)在時：
We’ve never met since we graduated from the college.
大學畢業(yè)后我們就再沒見過面。
Great changes have taken place since you left.
你走了以后，這里發(fā)生了巨大變化。
(8) till/until引導的時間狀語從句 till和until同義，作“直到……時(為止)”解，till多用于非正式文體，until多用于句首。如：
Donald will remain in college until(till) he finishes his Ph.D course.
唐納德將留在學校直到完成他的博士學位課程。
I won’t go with you until(till) I finished my homework.
等我做完作業(yè)我才和你一起去。
(9) whenever/each time/every time引導的時間狀語從句
whenever在引導時間狀語從句時作“每當；每次”解，each time和every time與whenever同義，通�？梢耘c它換用。如：
The roof leaks whenever it rains.
每逢下雨屋頂就漏雨。
Whenever certain chemicals are mixed together，heat is produced.
某些化學物質(zhì)被混到一起時，就會產(chǎn)生熱。
Whenever/ Every time/ Each time I met her, she was studying.
我每次看見她時，她總是在學習。
狀語從句 - 地點狀語從句
(1) when引導的時間狀語從句
從屬連詞where“在（或到）……的地方”
Where there is a will, there is a way.
有志者事竟成。
Put it where you found it.
把它放在原來的地方。
① where 在地點狀語從句中，除指地點外，還可指處境等。如：
He said he was happy where he was.
他說他對自己的處境很滿意。
It’s your fault that she is where she is.
她今天落到這個地步都怪你。
�、� 有時地點狀語從句中的某些詞可以省略。如：
Fill in the blanks with the given phrases. Change the form where necessary.
用所給的短語填空，必要的地方可以改變其形式。
Avoid structure of this kind where possible.
只要可能，就要避免這種結(jié)構(gòu)。
(2) wherever引導的地點狀語從句
從屬連詞wherever“在（或到）……的各個地方”：
You can go wherever(anywhere) you like these days.
這些天你可以去你想去的地方。
Where (Everywhere) they went, the experts were warmly welcomed.
專家每到一處， 都受到熱烈的歡迎。
Sit down wherever you like.
你喜歡坐哪兒就坐哪兒。
狀語從句 - 原因狀語從句
(1) because引導的原因狀語從句
because表示人們不知道的直接的原因或理由，著重點在從句，其所引導的從句，為全句句意的中心所在。
通常用于回答why引出的疑問句，語氣最強，除特別強調(diào)外，該從句一般位于主句后面。
I didn’t go abrord with her because I couldn’t afford it.
我沒有和她一起出國是因為費用太高。
Don’t scamp your work because you are pressed for time.
不要因為時間倉促而馬馬虎虎。
(2) as引導的原因狀語從句
as引導的原因狀語從句所傳遞的通常是已知信息，從句多位于主句之前，通�？梢院蛃ince換用。如：
As I didn’t know the way，I asked a policeman.
我不認識路，因而問警察。
As it is snowing, we shall not climb the mountain.
由于在下雪，我們不去爬山了。
(3) since引導的原因狀語從句
since引導的原因狀語從句所傳遞的通常是已知信息，從句多位于主句之前，通常可以和as換用。如：
Since traveling by air is much faster,they decided to take a plane.
既然乘飛機旅行快得多，他們就決定坐飛機。
Since you won’t help me ，I’ll ask someone else.
你既然不幫我，那我就請別人幫忙。
(4) now(that)引導的原因狀語從句
now(that)“因為；既然”，通常可以和since換用。其中that可省去，用來表示一種新的情況，再加以推論。如：
Now(that) you?蒺ve passed your test you can drive on your own.
你既已考試合格，就可以獨自開車了。
I do remember，now (that) you mention it.
你這一提，我倒的確想起來了。
(5) seeing (that)引導的原因狀語從句
Seeing (that)“鑒于；由于”，通常用于非正式文體。如：
Seeing (that) the weather is bad，we’ll stay at home.
天氣不好，我們還是呆在家里吧。
Seeing that he’ s ill，he’s unlikely to come.
(6) in that引導的原因狀語從句
in that“因為；基于……的理由”，可以和because換用，多用于正式文體，它所引導的原因狀語從句總是位于主句之后。如：
Advertisement is distinguished from other forms of communication in that the advertiser pays for the message to be delivered.
廣告不同于其他交際形式，因為登廣告的人要為其所提供的信息付費。
I’m in a slightly awkward position, in that he’s not arriving until 10th.
我的處境有點難堪，因為他要十號才來。
狀語從句 - 目的狀語從句
(1) in order that引導的目的狀語從句
in order that“為了；以便”。多用于正式文體，通�？梢耘cso that換用。如：
You stopped at Hangzhou in order that they could go around West Lake.
他們在杭州停了下來，以便游覽西湖。
The expert spoke slowly in order that everyone should understand.
專家講得很慢，以便人人聽得懂。
(2) so (that)引導的目的狀語從句
so that“為了；以便”。so that通�？梢耘cin order that換用，它所引導的目的狀語從句總是放在主句之后，在非正式文體中，常省略that。如：
Speak clearly so that they may understand you.
你要講得清楚，他們才聽得懂。
She wanted tea ready at seven so she could be out by eight.
她要七點鐘備好茶點，這樣她八點以前就可以出門了。
(3) in case/for fear (that)/lest等引導的目的狀語從句
in case，for fear(that)和lest這三個從屬連詞都表示否定目的，意思是“以免”,“以防”。
in case多用于英國英語，它所引導的從句中的謂語動詞可以是陳述語氣形式，也可以是虛擬語氣形式；
for fear(that)引導的從句中的謂語帶有may，might，should等情態(tài)動詞；
lest用于正式文體，它所引導的從句中的謂語動詞用虛擬語氣形式。如：
Take your umbrella with you，lest it should rain.
帶上你的傘，以防下雨。
Take your umbrella in case it rains.
帶上你的傘，以防下雨。
He took an umbrella with him for fear that it might rain.
他帶了一把傘，以防下雨。
狀語從句 - 結(jié)果狀語從句
(1) so that引導的結(jié)果狀語從句
① so that引導的結(jié)果狀語從句只能位于主句之后，中間可以有逗號。如：
Suddenly it began to rain heavily，so that it was almost impossible to carry on driving.
突然下起了大雨，幾乎無法繼續(xù)開車。
Linda phoned me in on arrival so that I know she was safe and sound.
琳達到達后給我打了電話，因而我知道她平安無事。
�、凇皊o that”既可引導結(jié)果狀語從句也可引導目的狀語從句。
究竟是引導的結(jié)果狀語從句還是目的狀語從句，除了根據(jù)句意來判斷外，還可根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)形式來加以判斷。
若從句前有逗號，一般為結(jié)果狀語從句，如果從句中有情態(tài)動詞，通常則為目的狀語從句。如：
They started out early, so that they didn’t miss the train.
他們早早就出發(fā)了，所以沒誤火車。(結(jié)果狀語從句)
They started out early so that they would not miss the train.
他們早早出發(fā)是為了不誤火車。(目的狀語從句)
(2) so...that引導的結(jié)果狀語從句
so...that“如此……以致”，that在非正式文體中可以省略，so后面接形容詞或副詞。如：
She spoke so fast that nobody could catch what she was saying.
她說話如此之快竟沒有人聽出來她在講什么。
There is so little time left that I have to tell you about it latter.
現(xiàn)在剩下的時間不多了，我只好以后再給你講這件事。
(3) such...that引導的結(jié)果狀語從句
引導結(jié)果狀語從句的such...that的具體內(nèi)容是：such+a/an+形容詞+名詞+that從句。
其中的名詞可以是可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)或復數(shù)，也可以是不可數(shù)名詞。
such+a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)名詞+that從句可換成so+形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)名詞+that從句。如：
The Japanese student made such rapid progress that he soon began to write article in Chinese.
那個日本留學生進步很快，不久就開始用中文寫文章了。
The professor told us such a funny story that all the students laughed．
(＝The professor told us so funny a story that all the students laughed.)
教授講了個很有趣的故事，(以致于)所有的學生都笑了起來。
(4) such that引導的結(jié)果狀語從句
such that引導的結(jié)果狀語從句多用于正式文體，主句為“主—系—表”句型。如：
The force of the explosion was such that it blew out all the windows.
爆炸的力量很大，所有的窗戶都被炸掉了。
His anger was such that he lost control of himself.
他氣得不能克制自己的感情。
狀語從句 - 條件狀語從句
(1) if引導的條件狀語從句
if可引導非真實條件狀語從句(見“虛擬語氣”)和真實條件狀語從句。如：
If he said that，he can’t be telling the truth.
如果他說了那樣的話，他不可能是說實話。
(2) unless引導的條件狀語從句
unless引導的是否定條件狀語從句，在意義上相當于if...not，而且語氣較強，一般不用于虛擬語氣。如：
You’ll be late unless you hurry.
你會遲到的，如果不趕快的話。
(3) if only引導的條件狀語從句
if only在引導條件狀語從句時意為“只要；如果”。如:
I’ll let you use the car if only you keep it in good condition.
只要你把車保養(yǎng)好，我就讓你用。
(4) as/so long as引導的條件狀語從句
as/so long as意為“只要；如果”。如：
As long as it doesn’t rain, we can play.
只要不下雨我們就能玩。
(5) provided (that)/providing (that)引導的條件狀語從句
provided (that)/providing (that)意為“如果；只要”。如：
I will agree to go provided’ providing (that my expense are paid.)
假如為我負擔費用，我就同意去。
Providing you promise not to tell anyone else I’ll explain the secret.
狀語從句 - 讓步狀語從句
(1) although/though引導的讓步狀語從句
although和though，都作“雖然；盡管”解，通常可以換用，although的語氣較重。
如果要強調(diào)“但是”語氣，可使用yet，still或nevertheless來表示“但是”、“依然”或“然而”之意。
Although they have been talking for a long time, he cannot make her believe him.
雖然和她談了半天，他還是不能讓她信任自己。
(2) even if引導的讓步狀語從句
even if “即使，縱然”，從句表示的是尚未發(fā)生的動作或存在的情況。如：
Even if it rains tomorrow，we won’t change our plan.
即使明天下雨，我們也決不改變計劃。
Even if I failed again, I will not give up the experiment.
即使我再次失敗，我也決不會放棄實驗。
(3) even though引導的讓步狀語從句
even though“雖然，盡管”，從句所表示的是已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作或存在的情況，通�？梢院蚢lthough/though換用。如：
Even though I didn’t understand a word，I kept smiling.
即使我一個字也不懂，我還是保持微笑。
Even though you say so，I do not believe it.
即使你這樣說，我也不信。
(4) much as引導的讓步狀語從句
much as“雖然，盡管”，通�？梢院蚢lthough/though換用：
Much as I’d like to，I can’t come.
我雖然很想來，但是來不了。
Much as I admire his courage，I don’t think he acted wisely.
我雖然佩服他的勇氣，但我認為他這樣做是不聰明的。
(5) while引導的讓步狀語從句
while“雖然，盡管”，多用于正式文體，通�？蓳Q作although/though。如：
While I understand your point of view，I do not share it.
我雖了解你的觀點，但不敢茍同。
While I sympathize，I really can’t do very much to help.
雖然我很同情，但我確實幫不了什么忙。
(6) whatever/No matter what引導的讓步狀語從句
whatever和no matter what用法相同，都作“無論什么”解，后者多用于非正式文體。如：
Whatever/No matter what he says，don’t go.
不管他說什么，你都不要走。
We are determined to fulfill the task，whatever/no matter what happens.
不管發(fā)生什么了，我們決心完成任務(wù)。
(7) whichever/no matter which引導的讓步狀語從句
whichever和no matter which用法相同，都作“無論哪個”解，后者多用于非正式文體。如：
Whichever/No matter which you buy， there is a six-month guarantee.
不論你買哪個，都有六個月的保修期。
Whichever/No matter which of the two men had stolen her purseBarbara was determined to find them.
不管這兩個人是誰偷了她的錢包，芭芭拉決心找到他們。
(8) whoever/no matter who引導的讓步狀語從句
whoever和no matter who用法相同，都作“無論誰”解，后者多用于非正式文體。如：
You can’t come in， whoever you are.
不管你是誰，都不能進來。
Whoever/No matter who wants to speak to me on the phone, tell him I’m busy.
不管誰要我接電話， 就說我現(xiàn)在正忙著呢。
(9) whereverno matter where引導的讓步狀語從句
wherever和no matter where用法相同，都作“無論在（或到）哪里”解，后者多用于非正式文體。如：
Wherever/No matter where you go, I’m Right Here Waiting fo ryou.
無論你到哪里，我都依然在這里等著你。
(10) however/no matter how引導的讓步狀語從句
however和no matter how用法相同，都作“無論如何……”解，后者多用于非正式文體。
However much you regret doing that， there is nothing you can do about it now.
無論你可能多么懊悔你曾經(jīng)做過的事，現(xiàn)在也無濟于事了。
However high it may be，it can’t reach the sky.
它不論有多高，也高不到天上去。
(11) whenever/no matter when引導的讓步狀語從句
whenever和no matter when用法相同，都作“無論何時”解，后者多用于非正式文體。如：
Whenever I’m unhappy，he cheers me up.
每當我不高興時，他就給我鼓勁兒。
(12)(no matter) whether...or引導的讓步狀語從句
whether...or和no matter whether...or用法相同，都作“不論……還是”解，后者的語氣強一些。如：
When It Rains or not, we’re playing football on Sunday.
無論下不下雨，我們星期天一定踢足球。
(13) as引導的讓步狀語從句
as在引導讓步狀語從句時作“雖然；盡管”和“即使”解，但是它不位于句首，在它前面的可以是形容詞、名詞、副詞等。如：
Strong as you maybe, you cannot lift it.
雖然你可能很有力氣，你卻無法把它提起來。
Late as it was, they continued to study.
時間盡管不早了，他們?nèi)岳^續(xù)學習。
狀語從句 - 方式狀語從句
(1) as引導的方式狀語從句
as在引導方式狀語從句時意為“以……方式；如同……那樣”，從句有時是省略句。如：
Do as I say. 要照我說的做。
I did just as you told me. 我正是照你說的辦的。
Air is to man as water is to fish. 空氣之于人猶如水之于魚。
(2) as if/as though引導的方式狀語從句
as if和as though的用法相同，都作“好像，仿佛”解。如：
二者引導的狀語從句往往用虛擬語氣，表示與事實相反。as if比as though更為常用。
但也可用陳述語氣，表示所說的情況是事實或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性較大。如：
They looked at me as if ‘a(chǎn)s though I were mad.
他們瞧著我好像我發(fā)瘋了似的。
They look as if/as though they know each other.
他們看來好像互相認識。
狀語從句 - 比較狀語從句
(1) as...as 引導的比較狀語從句
as...as表示同級比較，主句中用形容詞或副詞的原級形式，從句常常為省略句。如：
We were as fortunate as them (they were)
我們和他們一樣幸運。
I hope she will make as much progress as you (have done).
我希望她將取得和你同樣的進步。
(2) not so/as...as 引導的比較狀語從句
not so/as...as表示同級比較，主句中用形容詞或副詞的原級形式，從句常常為省略句。如：
That’s not so/as simple as it sounds.
那件事情不像聽起來那么簡單。
(3) than引導的比較狀語從句
than引導的比較狀語從句表示同等比較，主句中用形容詞或副詞的比較級形式，從句常常為省略句。如：
He has lived here longer than I(has lived).
他在這兒住的時間比我長。
They love the girl than(they love) him.
他們愛這個女孩而不愛他。
(4) the..., the...引導的比較狀語從句
The more you listen to English, the easier it becomes.
英語聽得越多就越容易。