同位語從句:
在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)同位語的名詞性從句稱為同位語從句。
同位語從句是名詞性從句中的主要從句之一,從句作同位語表示與之同位的名詞(短語)的實(shí)際內(nèi)容,它的作用相當(dāng)于名詞,對(duì)前面的名詞(短語)加以補(bǔ)充說明或進(jìn)一步解釋,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)表語從句,它們之間的關(guān)系是同位關(guān)系,即主表關(guān)系。
在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)同位語的名詞性從句稱為同位語從句。
同位語:
一個(gè)名詞(或其它形式)對(duì)另一個(gè)名詞或代詞進(jìn)行修飾,限定或說明,這個(gè)名詞(或其它形式)就是同位語。
同位語與被它限定的詞的格式要一致,并常常緊挨在一起。同位語從句即重復(fù)說明同一個(gè)稱謂或事件的從句。
1.名詞作同位語
Mr Wang,my child’s teacher,will be visiting us on Tuesday.
王先生,我孩子的老師,星期二要來看我們。
。ㄔ谶@里'my child's teacher'做同位語修飾'Mr Wang')
2.短語作同位語
I,the oldest girl in the family,always had to care for the other children.
我,作為家里最大的女孩,總是要照料家中的其他孩子。
直接引語作同位語
But now the question comes to their minds,“Did she die young because she was a clone?”
但是現(xiàn)在他們不得不思考這樣的問題:“多莉早死是因?yàn)樗且恢豢寺⊙騿??/p>
3.句子作同位語
The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.
巨大的海輪可以開到五大湖,讓表姐妹倆感到吃驚。
同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞:
引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞語通常有連詞that,whether,連接代詞和連接副詞等。
1. 由that引導(dǎo)
We heard the news that our team had won.
我們聽到消息說我們隊(duì)贏了。
They were worried over the fact that you were sick.
他們?yōu)槟闵“l(fā)愁。
The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true.
明天放假的消息不實(shí)。
I’ve come to the conclusion that it was unwise to do that.
我得出結(jié)論這樣做是不明智的。
The fact that the money has gone does not mean it was stolen.
那筆錢不見了這一事實(shí)并不意味著是被偷了。
He referred to Copernicus’ statement that the earth moves round the sun.
他提到了哥白尼關(guān)于地球繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)的說法。
【注意1】在某些名詞(如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等)后面的同位語從句要用虛擬語氣。如:
They were faced with the demand that this tax be abolished.
他們面對(duì)廢除這個(gè)稅的要求。
They expressed the wish that she accept the award.
他們表示希望她接受這筆獎(jiǎng)金。
There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.
有一項(xiàng)建議是布朗應(yīng)該離隊(duì)。
The suggestion that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman.
采納新規(guī)則的建議是主席提出的。
The resolution that women be allowed to join the society was carried.
允許婦女參加這個(gè)協(xié)會(huì)的決議通過了。
I can understand their eagerness that you should be the main speaker.
我理解他們希望你作主要發(fā)言人的殷切心情。
【注意2】引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連詞that通常不省略,但在非正式文體中也可以省去。如:
He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane.
他拿起了手提箱,給人的印象是他要登上飛往東京的飛機(jī)了。
2. 由whether引導(dǎo)
There is some doubt whether he will come. 他是否會(huì)來還不一定。
Answer my question whether you are coming. 你回答我的問題:你來不來。
The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result. 這個(gè)是對(duì)還是錯(cuò)要看結(jié)果。
We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy. 我們不是在調(diào)查他是否可以信任的問題。
【注意】whether 可引導(dǎo)同位語從句,但if不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句。
3. 由連接代詞引導(dǎo)
Have you any idea what time it starts?
你知道什么時(shí)候開始嗎?
From 1985-90 I was an instructor at the regional party headquarters. After that I went back to work in a factory. Then I had no idea what a casino was.
從1985年到1990年我是地方黨部的教員。隨后我回到一家工廠工作。當(dāng)時(shí)我不知道賭場是什么樣的地方。
4. 由連接副詞引導(dǎo)
I have no idea when he will come back. 我不知道他什么時(shí)候回來。
It is a question how he did it. 那是一個(gè)他如何做的問題。
He had no idea why she left. 他不知道她為什么離開。
You have no idea how worried I was! 你不知道我多著急!
同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別:
1.意義的不同
同位語從句是用于說明所修飾名詞的具體內(nèi)容的,它與被修飾詞語通常可以劃等號(hào);
而定語從句是限制所修飾名詞的,它的作用是將所修飾的名詞與其他類似的東西區(qū)別開來:
We are glad at the news that he will come.
聽到他要來這個(gè)消息我們很高興。
(news的內(nèi)容就是that he will come,故that引導(dǎo)的是同位語從句)
We are glad at the news that he told us.
聽到他告訴我們的這個(gè)消息我們很高興。
(that從句是限制the news的內(nèi)容的,即我們高興只是因?yàn)樗嬖V的這個(gè)news而不是其他的news,故that從句為定語從句)
2. 引導(dǎo)詞的不同
what, how, if, whatever 等可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,但不引導(dǎo)定語從句。
3. 引導(dǎo)詞的功能上的不同
that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí),它不充當(dāng)句子成分,而引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí),它作為關(guān)系代詞,要么充當(dāng)定語從句的主語,要么充當(dāng)定語從句的賓語。
如上例 that he told us中的that就充當(dāng)told的賓語。
4. 被修飾詞語的區(qū)別
同位語從句所修飾的名詞比較有限,通常有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等,而定語從句所修飾的名詞則非常廣泛。
另外,when和where 引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí),通常只修飾表示時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)的名詞,而它們引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)卻不一定;
又如why引導(dǎo)定語從句,它通常只修飾名詞the reason,而它引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)則不一定:
I have no idea when they will come . 我不知道他們什么時(shí)候來。(同位語從句)
I’ll never forget the days when I lived there.. 我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我住在那兒的日子。(定語從句)
We don’t understand the problem why this is the best choice. 我們不明白這個(gè)問題,為什么這是最好的選擇。(同位語從句 )
The reason why he didn’t come to the meeting is that he is ill. 他未能來開會(huì),原因是他生病了。(定語從句)
同位語從句的用法:
同位語部分是個(gè)句子,就是同位語從句,這種用法比較"固定"
一、在復(fù)合句中用作同位語的從句叫同位語從句。它一般跟在某些名詞后面,用以說明該名詞表示的具體內(nèi)容。
I heard the news that our team had won.我聽到了我們隊(duì)獲勝的消息。
二、可以跟同位語從句的名詞通常有:
news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,
words(消息),possibility等(一般的“抽象”名詞都可用)。
I’ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon.
我從王先生那里來,他讓我告訴你他今天下午不能來看你了。
三、英語中引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞通常有
連詞:that,whether,
連接代詞:what,who,
連接副詞:how,when,where等。(注:if,which 不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句。)
He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.
他必須回答他是否同意這樣一個(gè)問題。
四、有時(shí)同位語從句可以不緊跟在說明的名詞后面,而被別的詞隔開。
The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.
他突然想起可能敵人已經(jīng)逃出城了。
關(guān)于分離同位語從句
有時(shí)同位語從句可以和同位的名詞分開。如:
The story goes that he beats his wife. 傳說他打老婆。
The news got about that he had won a car in the lottery. 消息傳開說他中彩得了一輛汽車。
The rumour spread that a new school would be built here. 謠傳這里要蓋一所新學(xué)校。
Report has it that the Smiths are leaving town. 有傳言說史密斯一家要離開這座城市。
The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. 他想到可能敵人已逃離這座城市。
The order soon came that all citizens should evacuate the village. 不久命令下來,所有居民都必須撤出村子。
間隔同位語從句
同位語從句通常是跟在它解釋或說明的名詞后,但有些情況下,由于句子結(jié)構(gòu)的原因,同位語從句不緊跟在名詞后,而被其他的詞隔開。
A warm thought suddenly came to me that I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother's birthday
簡析:由于that從句太長,為避免句子失去平衡,此處用了間隔同位語從句
suggestion,request和order等名詞后的同位語從句用虛擬語氣。
She made a request that the doctor(should)be sent for at once.她請(qǐng)求立即請(qǐng)醫(yī)生來。
簡析:suggestion,order,request,proposal,requirement,command,advice,proposition和recommendation等名詞后接同位語從句時(shí),從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞要用“(should+)動(dòng)詞原形”的形式,其中should一詞可省略。