表語從句:
就是用一個句子作為表語。說明主語是什么或者怎么樣,由名詞、形容詞或相當于名詞或形容詞的詞或短語充當,和連系動詞一起構成謂語。
表語從句是名詞性從句的一種。
表語從句的基本結構是:
“主語+連系動詞+關聯(lián)詞+表語從句”。
連接表語從句的連接詞有:
that, what, who, when, where, which, why, whether, how, whoever,whomever,whichever ,whatever等。
例如:The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.
His suggestion is that we should stay calm.
、僬Z序:
從句的語序必須是陳述句語序,即“主語+謂語”這種形式。
、跁r態(tài):
當主句是一般現(xiàn)在時或一般將來時的時候,從句可以是任何時態(tài),而當主句是一般過去時的時候,從句,從句時態(tài)必須是過去時范圍的時態(tài),即(一般過去時,過去進行時,過去完成時,過去將來時)。
、圻B接詞:
當從句意思完整,主句意思肯定時,連接詞用that,且可以省去,當從句意思完整,主句意思不確定或含否定含意時,常用if或whether(是否),當從句意思不完整時,連接詞則是代替不完整部分的特殊疑問詞。
表語從句種類:
根據(jù)關聯(lián)詞來區(qū)分,表語從句可以分為六種:
一、由that引導的表語從句
The trouble is that he misunderstood me.麻煩的是他誤解了我。
有時,引導表語從句的連詞that可以省略
The truth is (that) I didn’t finish my term essay. 事實是我沒有寫完學期論文。
二、由連接代(副)詞引導的表語從句
連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever;
連接副詞where, when, how, why。
That was what she said this morning in her bedroom.那就是她今天早晨在臥室中說的。
三、由關系代詞型的what引導的從句
I want to be a teacher. That’s what I want to be.
我想當老師,那是我的志愿。
四、關聯(lián)詞是連詞because
比較下面這兩個句子:
I was angry. That was because he didn’t understand me.
我生氣是因為他不理解我。(表語從句強調(diào)原因)
That’s why he got fired from that firm.那正是他被公司解雇的原因。(表語從句強調(diào)結果)
注意:reason作主語或主語中包含事件的起因時,后面的表語從句表示原因時要用that來引導,而不用because
That is why ...是常用句型,其中why引導的從句在句中作表語,該句型通常用于針對前面已經(jīng)說過的原因進行總結。
1. That is the reason why ...That is the reason why ...與That is why ...是同義的,
但是從語法結構上講,That is the reason why ...中的why引導的是一個定語從句,將其中的the reason去掉后則與That is why ...結構一樣了
2. That is because ...That is because ...也是一個常用句型。
That is because ...句型中,連詞because引導的從句作表語,
That is because ...與That is why ...之間的不同在于That is because ...指原因或理由,
That is why ...則指由于各種原因造成的結果
He did not read Harry Potter last night. That is because he had to help his mother to do the housework.
昨天晚上他沒有讀《哈里波特》,那是因為他得幫助他媽媽做家務。
五、關聯(lián)詞是從屬連詞whether, as, as if
The question remains whether we can win the majority of the people.
問題是我們能否贏得大多數(shù)民眾的支持。
六. 使用虛擬語氣的表語從句
在表示建議、勸告、命令含義的名詞后的表語從句,謂語動詞需用“should+動詞原形” 表示,should可省略。
常見的詞有:advice,suggestion,order,proposal,plan,idea等。
My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow.
我的建議是我們明天一早就出發(fā)。
表語從句中需要注意的地方:
1. 表語從句一定要用陳述語序;
2. 不可以用if,而用whether 連接表語從句(as if 例外);
3. 與賓語從句不同,在有表語從句的復合句中,主句時態(tài)和從句時態(tài)可以不一致。
4. 連接詞that一般不能省略,但當主句中含動詞do的某種形式時,that可以省略。如:
What I want to do is (that) I can go up to him and thank him. 我想做的事是走到身邊去感謝他。
5. 當句子的主語是:advice, demand, decision, desire, idea, insistence, instruction, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish等名詞時,
表語從句須用虛擬語氣,即:should +do。如:
My advice is that you should go to apologize to him. 我的建議是你應該去向他道歉。
表語從句語法提示:
應注意的問題:
1. 連系動詞be,appear,seem,look等之后可以跟表語從句。
It was because he didn't pass the exam.那是因為他沒有通過考試。
2. 引導表語從句的引導詞有以下幾類。
1)wh-疑問詞
My question is who left.我想問的是誰離開了。
2)whether
My question is whether he left(or not)。 我的問題是他是否離開了。
注:if不能引導表語從句。
3)that
The fact is that he left. 事實是他離開了。
注:引導表語從句的連詞that間或可以省略。
The truth is(that)I didn't go there. 事實是我沒去那兒。
4)because,as,as if,as though
It's just because he doesn't know her. 這是僅僅因為他不認識她。
3.表語從句要用陳述語序
That is where the famous scientist was born.
4.that和what在引導表語從句時,作用和意義都不相同。
That本身沒有詞義,在句中只起連接作用,不充當句子成分;what則表示“所……的(人或事)”,在表語從句中充當主語或賓語等。
That fact is that more than seventy percent of the earth’s surface is covered by water.
5.If 與whether均意為“是否”,但引導表語從句時,只能用whether, 不能用if。
The question is whether we can finish our work by tomorrow evening.
6.As, if, though引導的表語從句時,從句謂語多用虛擬語氣。
這是因為從句中的情況與事實不相符。具體來說,如果從句表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反,謂語動詞用一般過去式;
如果從句表示與過去事實相反時,謂語動詞要用“had +過去分詞”,如果從句表示將來的可能性不大,用would (might ,could )+動詞原形,如:
Li Lei is now in a new jacket he looks as if he were an American boy.
但是,如果as if ,as though 引導的表語從句所表示的與事實相符,從句則用陳述語氣,如:
The clouds are gathering. It looks as if is going to rain.