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 欄目類別:知識點(diǎn) >> 初中 >> 英語

量詞

更新時(shí)間:2016/7/20 11:49:00  手機(jī)版

  量詞:

  通常用來表示人、事物或動(dòng)作的數(shù)量單位的詞,叫做量詞。

  例如:a bag of (rice), a piece of (news), a cup of (tea)

  量詞特點(diǎn):

  在英語中,有很多量詞詞組,例如:a group of,a flock of, a bunch of,a bundle of等等.

  量詞詞組粗略地歸納了以下的特點(diǎn),具體表現(xiàn)為:

  特點(diǎn)一:

  英語量詞詞組所表示的數(shù)或量,大致可歸納為四種類型,即定量、不定量、大量和少量。

  1.表示定量的量詞詞組,譬如:

  a couple of(兩個(gè)、一對)

  a couple of days,

  a couple of players,

  a couple of times;

  a cupful of(一滿杯)

  a cupful of jelly,

  a cupful of water;

  a portion of(一份/客)

  a portion of duck,

  a portion of roast beef。

  2.表示不定量的量詞詞組,譬如:

  a majority of(大多數(shù)/大半)

  a majority of opinions,

  a majority of votes;

  an atom of(一點(diǎn))

  an atom of food,

  an atom of truth;

  a spell of(一陣/一段時(shí)間)

  a spell of fine weather,

  a spell of coughing。

  3.表示大量的量詞詞組,譬如:

  a flood of—a flood of ink(洋洋大篇),

  a flood of tears(淚如泉涌);

  a heap of—a heap of earth(一堆泥土),

  a heap of customers(許多顧客);

  a mountain of—a mountain of debts(債臺高筑),

  a mountain of difficulties(困難重重)。

  4.表示少量的量詞詞組,譬如:

  a drop of—a drop of fever(有點(diǎn)熱度),

  a drop of dew(一點(diǎn)露水);

  a particle of—a particle of feeling(一絲感情),

  a particle of dust(一點(diǎn)灰塵);

  a shadow of—a shadow of doubt(一點(diǎn)懷疑),

  a shadow of freedom(一點(diǎn)自由)。

  特點(diǎn)二:

  有些數(shù)量詞組修飾可數(shù)名詞,有些數(shù)量詞組修飾不可數(shù)名詞,還有些則兩者均可修飾。

  1.修飾不可數(shù)名詞的量詞詞組,譬如:

  a bit of—a bit of English(一點(diǎn)英語),

  a bit of good advice(一些好意見),

  a bit of interest(一點(diǎn)興趣);

  a shred of—a shred of evidence(一點(diǎn)證據(jù)),

  a shred of cloth(少量布),

  a shred of reputation(一點(diǎn)聲譽(yù)),

  a sheet of—a sheet of glass(一塊玻璃),

  a sheet of water(一片汪洋)。

  2.修飾可數(shù)名詞的量詞詞組,譬如:

  a cluster of—a cluster of flowers(一簇花),

  a cluster of spectators(一群觀眾),

  a cluster of bright stars(閃爍群星);

  a string of—a string of pearls(一串珠子),

  a string of curses(連續(xù)不斷的咒罵),

  a string of excuses(一連串借口);

  a scram of—a scram of mosquitoes(一群蚊子),

  a scram of geese(一群鵝),

  a scram of children(一群孩子)。

  3.修飾(不)可數(shù)名詞的量詞詞組,譬如:

  a body of—a body of bees(一群蜜蜂),

  a body of cold air(一股冷空氣),

  a body of facts(許多事實(shí));

  a block of—a block of ice(一大塊冰),

  a block of flats(一幢公寓),

  a block of houses(一排房子);

  a chain of—a chain of ideas(一系列想法),

  a chain of accidents(一連串事故),

  a chain of proof(一連串證據(jù))。

  特點(diǎn)三:

  有些數(shù)量詞組的搭配是固定的,而有些搭配則比較靈活。

  1.搭配固定的量詞詞組,譬如:

  a barrel of—a barrel of beer(一桶啤酒),

  a barrel of crude oil(一桶原油);

  a basket of—a basket of eggs(一籃雞蛋),

  a basket of apples(一籃蘋果);

  a line of—a line of trees(一行樹),

  a line of poetry(一行詩)。

  2.搭配較靈活的量詞詞組,譬如:

  a piece of—a piece of paper(一張紙),

  a piece of furniture(一件家具),

  a piece of equipment(一臺設(shè)備);

  a round of—a round of spirit(一巡酒),

  a round of diplomatic talks(一輪外交談判),

  a round of toast(一片烤面包);

  a bar of—a bar of chocolate(一塊巧克力),

  a bar of soap(一條肥皂),

  a bar of light(一束光)。

  量詞分類列舉:

  常見的量詞及搭配:

  1. 一般性的表示個(gè)數(shù)的量詞:

  這一組中主要有piece, bit, item, article 等詞,但piece具有獨(dú)特的地位,在使用其他詞的地方一般都可使用piece 代替之。比如:

  piece :

  a piece of meat/paper/bread/music/information/furniture/machinery, etc.

  一片肉/一張紙/一片面包/一首曲子/一條信息/一件家具/一臺機(jī)器等

  bit :

  a bit of news/wood/advice/trouble, etc.

  一條消息/一塊木頭/一條建議/一件麻煩事等

  item:

  an item of news/crime/program/business, etc.

  一條新聞/一宗罪行/一個(gè)項(xiàng)目/一筆生意等

  article :

  an article of export/ furniture/ clothing/ luggage, etc.

  一宗出口/一件家具/一件衣服/一件行李等

  2. 以形狀表示個(gè)數(shù)的量詞:

  bar :

  a bar of chocolate/candy

  一塊巧克力/一塊糖

  bunch :

  a bunch of flowers/grapes/ keys

  一束花/一串葡萄/一串鑰匙

  cake:

  a cake of soap/ice

  一塊肥皂/一塊冰

  cluster :

  a cluster of stars/flowers/animals

  一群星/一束花/一群動(dòng)物

  comb:

  a comb of bananas 一串香蕉

  drop :

  a drop of rain/ blood 一滴雨/一滴血

  ear :

  an ear of corn/wheat一棒玉米/一穗麥子

  flight :

  a flight of stairs/arrows/sparrows

  一段樓梯/一陣箭雨/一群麻雀

  flock:

  a flock of workmen/criminals/boys

  一群工人/一伙罪犯/一群男孩

  head:

  a head of cabbage/cauliflower/sheep

  一頭卷心菜/一塊花菜/一頭羊

  lump:

  a lump of sugar/coal/clay

  一塊糖/一塊煤/一塊土

  spiral :

  a spiral of mosquito incense 一盤蚊香

  slice :

  a slice of meat/bread/beef

  一片肉/一片面包/一塊牛肉

  swarm :

  a swarm of bees一群蜜蜂

  bevy a bevy of beauties/girls/ladies

  一群美人/一群女孩/一群女士

  gathering a gathering of friends一幫朋友

  clump :

  a clump of trees一叢樹林

  pack:

  a pack of rascals/wolves一群流氓/一群狼

  3. 表示容積的詞:

  bottle:

  a bottle of ink/milk/wine

  一瓶酒/一瓶牛奶/一瓶葡萄酒

  bowl :

  a bowl of rice/porridge 一碗米飯/一碗粥

  pail::

  a pail of water 一桶水

  glass:

  a glass of beer 一杯啤酒

  cup:

  a cup of tea 一杯茶

  handful a handful of soil 一抔土

  spoonful :

  a spoonful of oil 一湯匙油

  mouthful :

  a mouthful of snow 一口雪

  truckload:

  a truckload of steel 一卡車鋼材

  a packet of cigarette一包煙

  4. 表示行為動(dòng)態(tài)的量詞:

  fit :

  a fit of laughter 一陣笑聲

  peal :

  a peal of thunder 一陣?yán)茁?/p>

  flash :

  a flash of light 一道閃電

  display :

  a display of force 一番武力展示

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