it是最常見的代詞之一，用法很廣泛，考查的it的題型也有很多種。閱讀理解、完形填空都有可能有it的一席之地。我們來看看在高考是怎么對it進(jìn)行考查的。
1. it作為替代詞
高考考查它的替代功能，比如指天氣、時間等，也可以指代前面提到過的具體時間或上文提到的同一個事物。
例1 The river was so polluted that ______ actually caught fire and burned.
解析 it。這條河被污染得如此嚴(yán)重以至于都能起火燃燒起來。根據(jù)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)我們可知從句中缺少主語，通讀全句，我們可以判斷設(shè)空指代上文中提到的the river，為避免重復(fù)用it指代。
2. it作為形式主語和形式賓語
例2 ______ is difficult to understand why she barks every minute she is outside.
解析 it。很難理解她為什么一在外面就叫。本句真正的主語是動詞不定式，所以用it作形式主語，把真正主語放于句尾。
例3 Susan made ______ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.
解析 it。她清楚地跟我表明她希望過上新的生活。本句真正的賓語是動詞不定式，所以it作形式賓語。
3. 放在“喜歡”“恨”等帶有情感傾向的動詞后面
例4 I’d appreciate ______ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
解析 it。如果你能提前告訴我你是否會來的話，我將感激不盡。I’d appreciate it if ...是固定句型，意為“如果……我將感激不盡”。
4. 用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句
例5 Was ______ because Jack came late for school that Mr. Smith got angry？
解析 it。史密斯先生生氣是因?yàn)榻芸松蠈W(xué)遲到了嗎？這里的it就是強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的it。
看過這些例題后，我們可以歸納出高考中常見的it句型。
It is a pity/shame that ... 真可惜……
It is no wonder that ... 難怪……
It seems/appears that ... 似乎/看來……
It looks/seems as if though ... 看起來好像……
It happened that ... 碰巧……
It occurs to/comes to/strikes/hits sb. that ... 某人突然想起……
It is said/reported that ... 據(jù)說/據(jù)報道……
It is no use /good dong ... 做……沒有用/好處
It takes sb. some time to do ... 做……花費(fèi)某人多長時間
It is certain that ... ……是一定的
See to it that ... 確保……
Count on/rely on/depend on it that ... 相信……
as someone puts it 像某人說的那樣
When it comes to ... 當(dāng)涉及/談到…
I can’t help it ... 我沒辦法/情不自禁
I take it that ... 我理解的是……
It’s （high） time that sb. should do/did sth.
是某人該做某事的到時候了
It’s the first/second ... time that sb.have/has done sth.
這是某人第一次/二次/……次做某事了。
It is/has been ... since ... 自從……已經(jīng)過了……時間了
It will be/was ... before ... 要過……時間才……/在……之前已過了……時間
最后我們看看含有it的高考題。
1. 閱讀理解
例6 （2015·福建卷） Papa， as a son of a dirt-poor farmer， left school early and went to work in a factory， for education was for the rich then. So， the world became his school. With great interest， he read everything he could lay his hands on， listened to the town elders and learned about the world beyond his tiny hometown. “There’s so much to learn，” he’d say. “Though we’re born stupid， only the stupid remain that way.” He was determined that none of his children would be denied （拒絕） an education.
Thus， Papa insisted that we learn at least one new thing each day. Though， as children， we thought this was crazy， it would never have occurred to us to deny Papa a request. And dinner time seemed perfect for sharing what we had learned. We would talk about the news of the day； no matter how insignificant， it was never taken lightly. Papa would listen carefully and was ready with some comment， always to the point.
61. The underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refers to______.
A. one new thing B. a request
C. the news D. some comment
解析 C。這是一道分析推斷題。這里的it指代的是news，也就是前面的主語。根據(jù)該詞所在的語境可以知道“我們”會談?wù)撘惶斓男侣劇徽撍嵌嗝吹奈⒉蛔愕溃疾皇强梢缘乳e視之的。故選C。
2. 語法填空
例7 Last year， my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before said 1 was a wonderful holiday destination. Before we went， we had planned for months. When the day came， we were ready.
解析 it�？疾榇~。一些曾經(jīng)去過邁阿密的朋友說那里是一個非常棒的度假勝地。設(shè)空處指代上文提到的Miami，故填it。
3. 改錯題
例8 （2015·浙江卷） My old classroom was interesting because three side（sides） of the classroom were made from（of） glass. I enjoyed sit（sitting） close to the windows and looking at the view. On the left-hand side of the class， I could easy（easily） see the football field. In the mornings， it was full of students exercising. The view from the back of the classroom is（was） also splendid. Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them.
解析 them→it。代詞誤用。此處指代前面提到的park，用單數(shù)。
it的最基本的指代功能是常見的考點(diǎn)，當(dāng)然it作形式主語或形式賓語，以及在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的考查也滲透到了各個題型當(dāng)中。我建議大家在做題的過程當(dāng)中可以將含有it的考題進(jìn)行歸納和總結(jié)，這樣在實(shí)際的訓(xùn)練和考試中會大大提高正確率。