在英語(yǔ)中,數(shù)詞分基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞;鶖(shù)詞表示數(shù)目,序數(shù)詞表示順序。下面,就和答案網(wǎng)小編一起來(lái)看看英語(yǔ)數(shù)詞有哪些,英語(yǔ)數(shù)詞的用法總結(jié)大全吧。
一、概述
數(shù)詞是指表示數(shù)目多少或順序先后的詞。表示數(shù)目多少的數(shù)詞叫基數(shù)詞,如 one, five, ten, thirty, sixty-five 等;表示順序先后的數(shù)詞叫序數(shù)詞,如 first, sixth, tenth, twenty-first 等。數(shù)詞用法相當(dāng)于名詞和形容詞,在句中可用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)等。
注意,英語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有“萬(wàn)”這個(gè)讀數(shù)單位,要表示漢語(yǔ)中的“萬(wàn)”,英語(yǔ)需借用thousand一詞,如“一萬(wàn)”用“十個(gè)千”表示(ten thousand),“十萬(wàn)”用“一百個(gè)千”表示(one hundred thousand)。
中考英語(yǔ)數(shù)詞的考果主要集中在基數(shù)詞與序數(shù)詞的用法與區(qū)別,有時(shí)也考查其他相關(guān)用法,如用數(shù)詞表示分?jǐn)?shù),用數(shù)詞編號(hào)等。另外,hundred, thousand, million等的用法也是一個(gè)非常值得注意的知識(shí)。
二、考點(diǎn)歸納
考點(diǎn)1 考查基數(shù)詞與序數(shù)詞的用法區(qū)別
基數(shù)詞表示人或事物數(shù)量的多少,如 one, two, three, four, five, six等;而序數(shù)詞則表示人或事物的順序,如first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth等。在通常情況下,基數(shù)詞除one外,其余的后接名詞時(shí),名詞原則上要用復(fù)數(shù);而序數(shù)詞在后接名詞時(shí),原則上用單數(shù)。如:
He has four children, but he likes his fourth child most. 他有四個(gè)孩子,但他最喜歡他的第四個(gè)孩子。
【考例1】Father’s Day is on ________ Sunday of June. (湖南長(zhǎng)沙中考題)
A. three B. third C. the third D. a third
【分析】答案選C。由于空格后的名詞為單數(shù),所以不能選基數(shù)詞three,故可排除A;其余三個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為序數(shù)詞,但只有帶定冠詞的C才是正確的,因?yàn)榇颂幍木湟鉃樘刂。句意為:父親節(jié)是六月的第三個(gè)星期日。
【考例2】—Where does John live?
—He lives on ________ floor but he doesn’t use a lift to go up and down. (北京朝陽(yáng)區(qū)中考題)
A. nine B. the ninth C. ninth D. a ninth
【分析】答案選B。由于空格后的名詞floor為單數(shù),所以空格處不能填基數(shù)詞,故可排除A;而序數(shù)詞前通常用定冠詞,而不用不定冠詞,故選B。
考點(diǎn)2 考查數(shù)詞在編號(hào)中的用法
在類似編號(hào)的場(chǎng)合,用序數(shù)詞應(yīng)放在被修飾詞語(yǔ)之前,若用基數(shù)詞則置于其后。如:
the First Lesson / Lesson One 第1課 the tenth chapter / chapter ten 第10章
the sixth line / line 6 第6 行 the third part / part three 第三部分
但是,在許多情況下,用基數(shù)詞比用序數(shù)詞更合適、更方便。如:
Book One 第1冊(cè) Room 805 805房
page 110 第110頁(yè) Bus Number Ten 第10路公共汽車
【考例】—There is a wrong word in line ________.
—Where? (www.yygrammar.com)
—In the ________ line. (湖北孝感中考題)
A. two; two B. two; second C. second; two D. second; second
【分析】答案選B。in line two與in the second line同義,均表示“第二行”。又如:lesson five與the fifth lesson同義,均表示“第五課”。
考點(diǎn)3 考查用英語(yǔ)表示分?jǐn)?shù)的用法
用英語(yǔ)表示分?jǐn)?shù)的方法是:先說(shuō)分子,后說(shuō)分母;分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞;當(dāng)分子超過(guò)“一”時(shí),分母用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如“三分之二”可表示為 two thirds (可理解為“兩個(gè)三分之一”)。但是有些分?jǐn)?shù)的表示比較其特別,如“二分之一”通常說(shuō)成a (one) half,“四分之一”通常說(shuō)成 a quarter。
【考例】________ of the students in our class ________ money to the disabled people these days. (貴州安順中考題)
A. Two third, have raised B. Two thirds, has raised
C. Two three, have raised D. Two thirds, have raised
【分析】答案選D。“三分之二”的分子是“二”,用基數(shù)詞two表示;分母是“三”,用序數(shù)詞third表示,由于分子大于一,故表示分母的third要用復(fù)數(shù),即可排除A和C;又因?yàn)橐粋(gè)班三分之二的學(xué)生肯定不只一個(gè),故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù),即選D不選B。
考點(diǎn)4 考查hundred, thousand, million單復(fù)數(shù)用法
當(dāng)hundred, thousand, million與數(shù)詞連用表示具體數(shù)量時(shí),它們既不用復(fù)數(shù)形式,后接名詞時(shí)也不用介詞of。如:
Can you lend me a hundred dollars? 你可否借給我一百美金?
This theatre holds a thousand persons. 這家劇院能容納一千人。
The sun is 92 million miles away. 太陽(yáng)離這里有九千二百萬(wàn)英里。
但是,若泛指數(shù)百、數(shù)千、數(shù)百萬(wàn)等,則用 hundreds of, thousands of, millions of 等這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)。如:
Hundreds of people attended the meeting. 有幾百人參加了會(huì)議。
They received millions of letters asking for information. 他們收到了無(wú)數(shù)的咨詢信件。
Men have been making music for thousands of years. 人類創(chuàng)作音樂(lè)已有數(shù)千年歷史。
【考例1】More than two ________ years ago, people knew little about the universe. (遼寧錦州中考題)
A. thousands B. thousand C. thousand of D. thousands of
【分析】答案選B。與具體數(shù)字連用時(shí),thousand不用加詞尾-s,其后也不用介詞of。
【考例2】Enshi is becoming a tourist city. ________ people come here during the holidays every year. (湖北恩施中考題)
A. Thousand of B. Thousands of C. Five thousands of D. Five thousands
【分析】答案選B。與具體數(shù)字連用時(shí),thousand不用加詞尾-s,其后也不用介詞of,故可排除C和D。但表示不確定的“數(shù)千”“數(shù)以千計(jì)”時(shí),則不僅要加詞尾-s,而且要后接介詞of,故只能選B,不能選A。
考點(diǎn)5 考查帶有數(shù)詞的復(fù)合形容詞中名詞的數(shù)
根據(jù)英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣,在“數(shù)詞+名詞”“數(shù)詞+名詞+名詞”“數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞”這類復(fù)合形容詞中,其中的名詞只用單數(shù)形式,不用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:
a two-mile walk兩英里的步行
a six-inch ruler六英寸長(zhǎng)的尺子
a two-hour exam. 一次兩小時(shí)的考試
a five-day week 一周五個(gè)工作日
a five-year-old boy 一個(gè)五歲的男孩
an eighteen-month-old baby 一個(gè)18個(gè)月大的嬰兒
a five-hundred-meter rope 一根500米長(zhǎng)的繩子
【考例1】Each of us has to write a ________ report every two weeks. (廣州中考題)
A. two-hundred-word B. two-hundreds-word
C. two-hundreds-words D. two-hundred-words
【分析】答案選A。帶有數(shù)詞的復(fù)合形容詞中,數(shù)詞后的名詞要用單數(shù)。又如:She has a ten-year-old son. 她有個(gè)10歲的兒子。He wrote a five-hundred-word letter to me. 他給寫(xiě)了一封500字的信給我。
【考例2】A new study proves a ________ walk every day is enough to keep people away from becoming fat. (哈爾濱中考題)
A. 30-minute B. 30 minute’s C. 30-minutes D. 30 minute
【分析】答案選A。按英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣,在帶有數(shù)詞的復(fù)合形容詞中,數(shù)詞后的名詞要用單數(shù),所以不能選C;另外,這類結(jié)構(gòu)中的連字符原則上不能省略。
考點(diǎn)6 考查簡(jiǎn)單運(yùn)算后對(duì)相應(yīng)數(shù)詞進(jìn)行選擇
嚴(yán)格說(shuō)來(lái),這類題只是借助“數(shù)詞”作為一種命題手段,與數(shù)詞的用法關(guān)系不大。
【考例1】—There are sixty students in our class. And ________ of us are boys.
—Wow! You have forty girls! (福建漳州中考題)
A. one fourth B. one third C. two fifths D. two thirds
【分析】答案選B。做這道題要先運(yùn)算一下:上文說(shuō)這個(gè)班上共有60名學(xué)生,下文說(shuō)女生有40個(gè),這說(shuō)明男生的數(shù)量為60-40=20個(gè)。那么20個(gè)是60個(gè)的幾分之幾呢?顯然是“三分之一”,故答案選B。
【考例2】This shirt is ________. Cindy paid ________. Her change is ________. (湖南張家界中考題)
A. $9.00; $10.00; $1.00 B. $1.00; $9.00; $10.00
C. $10.00; $9.00; $1.00 D. $10.00; $1.00; $9.00
【分析】答案選A。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知,“買襯衫的錢”與“找回的零錢”應(yīng)該等于“Cindy付給售貨員的錢”。也就是說(shuō),在三個(gè)空格中,第一個(gè)空格所填的數(shù)字加上第三個(gè)空格所填的數(shù)字應(yīng)該等于第二個(gè)空格所填的數(shù)字。比較四個(gè)選項(xiàng),顯然只能A符合要求。
考點(diǎn)7 綜合考查數(shù)詞的不同知識(shí)點(diǎn)
即將數(shù)詞的各個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)綜合起來(lái)進(jìn)行考查。如
【考例】About ________ of the workers in the factory were born in the ________. (甘肅蘭州中考題)
A. two-thirds, 1970 B. two-thirds, 1970s
C. two-third, 1970 D. two-third, 1970s
【分析】答案選B!叭种币簿褪莾蓚(gè)“三分之一”,所以third要用復(fù)數(shù),可排除C和D;表示在某一年,其前不用冠詞,表示在某個(gè)年代,其前要用定冠詞,同時(shí)表示“年代”的數(shù)詞要加詞尾-s或-’s。比較:in 1990=在1990年,in the 1990s=在20世紀(jì)90年代。
三、易錯(cuò)陷阱
陷阱1 用錯(cuò)“生日”前的序數(shù)詞
表示一個(gè)人多少歲的生日時(shí),birthday前習(xí)慣上要用序數(shù)詞,而不能用基數(shù)詞,因?yàn)椤岸嗌贇q的生日”其實(shí)就是“第多少個(gè)生日”。如:
Today is my mother’s ________ birthday. I will buy her a gift. (江蘇宿遷中考題)
A. fourteen B. fourteenth C. forty D. fortieth
【分析】答案選D。表示多少歲的生日時(shí),birthday前習(xí)慣上要用序數(shù)詞,因?yàn)椤岸嗌贇q的生日”其實(shí)就是“第多少個(gè)生日”。另外,根據(jù)常識(shí),不能選B,因?yàn)楫?dāng)了母親的人不可能只有14歲。
陷阱2 用錯(cuò)“一兩天”之類的表達(dá)
漢語(yǔ)說(shuō)“一兩天”,說(shuō)成英語(yǔ)可用a day or two或one or two days,但是不能用 one day or two或a or two days。如:
One or two days are enough to see the city. 要參觀這個(gè)城市一兩天就夠了。
Within a day or two he got a letter from them. 過(guò)了不到一兩天他就接到他們的一封信。
請(qǐng)注意以下類似表達(dá):
Only a word or two is needed. 只需說(shuō)一兩句話。
I shall be ready in a second or two. 一會(huì)兒我就會(huì)準(zhǔn)備好。
陷阱3 用錯(cuò)“一個(gè)半”之類的表達(dá)
用英語(yǔ)表示“一個(gè)半”的方法是:a…and a half或one and a half…,但不能說(shuō)one and a half hour。如:
我在一個(gè)半小時(shí)之內(nèi)考試完畢。
誤:I finished the examination in one and a half hour.
正:I finished the examination in an hour and a half.
正:I finished the examination in one and a half hours.
注意“兩個(gè)半”“三個(gè)半”“四個(gè)半”之類的表達(dá)。如:
It’s about two and a half miles away. 大約有兩英里半遠(yuǎn)。
This happened four and a half centuries ago. 這是四個(gè)半世紀(jì)前發(fā)生的事。
陷阱4 用錯(cuò)“每隔幾……”的表達(dá)法
用英語(yǔ)表示“每隔幾……”的最常用是:“every+基數(shù)詞+名詞(復(fù)數(shù))”
We meet every few days. 我們每隔幾天就會(huì)一次面。
Take some fruit every three or four hours. 每隔三四個(gè)小時(shí),吃點(diǎn)水果。
有時(shí)也用“every+序數(shù)詞+名詞(單數(shù))”,注意不要弄錯(cuò)了其中的名詞的數(shù)。如:
奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)每四年辦一次。
正:The Olympics are held every four years.
正:The Olympics are held every fourth year.
如果是表示“每隔一……”,則還可用every other…,如“每隔一天”可說(shuō)成every two days, every second day, every other day (www.yygrammar.com)。
陷阱5 用錯(cuò)“另外幾個(gè)……”的表達(dá)法
用英語(yǔ)用表示“另外幾個(gè)……”的方法是:“another / a further +數(shù)詞+名詞”或“數(shù)詞+ other / more +名詞”。如:
Three other men lay wounded. 另外三個(gè)人受傷躺在那里。
Two other boys escaped through the trees. 另外兩個(gè)小伙子從樹(shù)林間逃跑了。
這類表達(dá)有時(shí)有較靈活的翻譯。如:
I could go on for another two hours. 我再講兩個(gè)小時(shí)都講不完。
They drove for another three hours. 他們又行駛了3個(gè)小時(shí)。
China picked up another ten gold medals. 中國(guó)又獲得了10枚金牌。
I need another few days before I can make up my mind. 我還需幾天才能決定。
陷阱6 混淆數(shù)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式
當(dāng)要表示某人的大約年歲和世紀(jì)中的某個(gè)年代時(shí),我們習(xí)慣上要用逢整“十”的基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,此時(shí)不可誤用單數(shù)形式。如:
He left for Japan in the nineties. 他于90年代去了日本。
He began to write in his sixtieth. 他在六十多歲開(kāi)始寫(xiě)作。
表示年代時(shí),有時(shí)還會(huì)說(shuō)出某個(gè)世紀(jì),此時(shí)要使用類似以下這樣的表達(dá):
in the 1930’s 在20世紀(jì)30年代(其中的撇號(hào)可以省略)
since the 1950s 從20世紀(jì)50年代開(kāi)始
四、即學(xué)即練
選擇最佳答案填空:
1. —How was your day off yesterday?
—Perfect! It was ________ birthday of my grandma’s. We had a big family celebration.
A. eighty B. the eightieth C. eightieth D. the eighty
2. ________ visitors come to China every year.
A. Thousands of B. Ten thousands C. Ten thousand of D. Thousand of
3. —Good news! Bill won ________ medal in the long jump just now.
—Really? That’s his ________ one at our sports meeting.
A. a; four B. an; fourth C. a; fourth D. an, four
4. The road is over ________ metres long. (www.yygrammar.com)
A. six hundred and fifty-two B. six hundreds and fifty-two
C. six hundred, fifty-two D. six hundreds, fifty-two
5. Father’s Day falls on ________ Sunday of June.
A. two B. the second C. three D. the third
6. There are more than two ________ languages spoken in Nigeria.
A. hundreds B. hundreds of C. hundred D. hundred of
7. —How old is your daughter?
—________. We had a special party for her ________ birthday last week.
A. Ninth; ninth B. Nine; nine C. Ninth; nine D. Nine; ninth
8. —Excuse me, how many students are there in your art club?
—There are ________.
A. twelve B. twelfth C. the twelfth D. the twelve
9. There were about six ________ students in the school building during the earthquake, and ________ of them didn’t run out.
A. hundred, two third B. hundred, two thirds
C. hundreds, two thirds D. hundreds, two third
10. —Shanghai has opened its ________TV channel (頻道) that sends programs in foreign languages.
—Great! I can improve my English over it. (www.yygrammar.com)
A. first B. a first C. the first D. one
【答案點(diǎn)撥】
1. 答案選D。表示多少歲的生日時(shí),我們習(xí)慣上在birthday使用序數(shù)詞,而不是基數(shù)詞,因?yàn)椤岸嗌贇q的生日”也就是“第多少個(gè)生日”的意思。另外,要注意此處為特指,所以其前要帶有定冠詞。
2. 答案選B。與具體數(shù)字連用時(shí),thousand的復(fù)數(shù)形式不用加詞尾-s,其后也不用介詞of,故可排除B和C。但表示不確定的“數(shù)千”“數(shù)以千計(jì)”時(shí),則不僅要加詞尾-s,而且要后接介詞of,故可確定答案為B。
3. 答案選C。第一空應(yīng)填a,不能填an,因?yàn)閙edal的讀音以元音開(kāi)頭;第二空應(yīng)填fourth,因?yàn)檫@是表示“第四塊獎(jiǎng)牌”,況且,如果填four的話,其后的名詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。
4. 答案選A。當(dāng)hundred前有具體的數(shù)字時(shí),hundred不能加詞尾-s。在百位與十位之間通常加連詞and。所以此題答案選A。
5. 答案選D。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知,父親節(jié)是每年六月的第三個(gè)星期日,第三個(gè)星期日是表順序,故用序數(shù)詞,且序數(shù)詞前常用定冠詞the。
6. 答案選當(dāng)C。當(dāng)hundred前有具體數(shù)字修飾時(shí),hundred后不能加詞尾-s,也不后接介詞of,故答案選C。
7. 答案選當(dāng)D。第一空填基數(shù)詞,為She is nine years old(她9歲)之省略;第二空填序數(shù)詞,因?yàn)槠浜蠼拥氖菃螖?shù)名詞 (www.yygrammar.com)。
8. 答案選當(dāng)A。根據(jù)問(wèn)句中的how many students(多少個(gè)學(xué)生)可知,答句要用基數(shù)詞來(lái)作答,表示“共有12個(gè)學(xué)生”。
9. 答案選B。第一空應(yīng)填hundred,因?yàn)槠淝笆艿綌?shù)詞six的修飾;第二空應(yīng)填two thirds,因?yàn)橛糜⒄Z(yǔ)表示分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí),當(dāng)分子大于“一”時(shí),分母要用復(fù)數(shù)。
10. 答案選A。由于空格前有物主代詞its,所以序數(shù)詞first前不能再用冠詞。