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as引導(dǎo)的從句省略有沒有規(guī)則,as引導(dǎo)定語從句語法歸納

更新時間:2018/10/31 10:13:00  手機版

  定語從句就是在整個句子中充當(dāng)定語的句子修飾名詞或代詞,被修飾的名詞詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后,由關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞)引出,下面是答案網(wǎng)小編整理的as引導(dǎo)的從句省略有沒有規(guī)則,as引導(dǎo)定語從句語法歸納,喜歡就收藏一下吧。

  as...as引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句的省略問題

  1. I read as many pages as are required.

  這句中沒有省略,其中的 as 是關(guān)系代詞,引導(dǎo)定語從句(as are required)。句意為:要求讀多少頁我就讀多少頁。

  2. The girl are as busy with their work as bees.

  原句有筆誤,girs 應(yīng)為 girls。此句可認為 bees 之省略了系動詞 are。as…as 結(jié)構(gòu)的基本用法,句意為:姑娘們的工作十分忙。注意句中的 as busy as bees 為習(xí)語,意思是“非常忙”。

  3. Work is as necessary for peace of mind as for health of body.

  此句若要說有所省略,可認為是Work is as necessary for peace of mind as it is necessary for health of body 的省略,其意為:工作不僅對于心靈的平靜是必要的,對于身體的健康也是必要的。

  4. Buying a new bike is sometimes as cheap as repairing the old one is.

  不知你的句子出處何處。感覺句末的 is 是多余的。句子大意為:買一輛新的自行車有時跟修理舊自行車一樣便宜。

  as引導(dǎo)定語從句語法歸納

 。ㄒ唬゛s(代詞)引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句

  1. 當(dāng)先行詞是“such/the same+名詞”時,用as引導(dǎo)定語從句。即,such+n.+as(代詞),the same +n.+as(代詞)。

  例句(as指代such+n.,作主語/賓語/表語)

  ●We invited all such people as were likely to come.

 。╝s在從句中作主語。as=all such people,即,All such people were likely to come.)

  ●I have never heard such stories as he tells. 我從未聽說過他講的這類故事。

  (as在從句中作賓語。as=such stories,即,He tells such stories。)

  ●I’ve never seen such a fool as he is.

 。╝s在從句中作表語。as= such a fool,即,He is such a fool.)。

  例句(as指代the same +n.,作主語/賓語/表語)

  ●Is this the same mosquito as bit you just now?(as作主語。The same mosquito (=as) bit you.)

  ●This is the same knife as I lost yesterday.(as作賓語。I lost the same knife (=as) yesterday.)

  ●She is just the same person as she used to be.(as作表語。She used to be the same person (=as).)

  2.as與that的區(qū)別。

 、賡uch…as(代詞)引導(dǎo)定語從句,such…that(連詞)引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。如,

  ●He is such a good boy as everyone likes.他是個人人都喜歡的好男孩。

  (從句缺成分(缺賓語),因此as是代詞(作成分))

  ●He is such a good boy that everyone likes him.他是個好男孩,以至于人人都喜歡他。

  (從句不缺成分,因此that是連詞(不作成分))

 、趖he same…as(代詞)…,表示兩物相似;the same…that(代詞)…,表示兩物同一物。如,

  ●This is the same pen as I used yesterday.這是和我昨天用的一樣的鋼筆。

  ●This is the same pen that I used yesterday.這是我昨天用過的那支鋼筆。

  注意:the same …,可以與代詞as/that連用,也可以與副詞when/where等連用。如,

  ●This is the same place where we had the party that day.(where作狀語)

  (二)as(連詞)引導(dǎo)評述性狀語從句

  評述性狀語從句,表示說話人的看法、態(tài)度、解釋或評論。as的意思是“正如/像”。

  學(xué)習(xí)這塊內(nèi)容,關(guān)鍵在于區(qū)別as與which。本書認為,as(連詞)引導(dǎo)評述性狀語從句,which(代詞)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。所有的能換用/不能換用的情況,都可以用這點區(qū)別推導(dǎo)出來。下文中,1.講不能換用的情況;2.講能換用的情況。1和4是重點內(nèi)容,2和3僅供了解。

  1. as (連詞)引導(dǎo)評述性狀語從句,which (代詞)引導(dǎo)非限制定語從句。

  (1)引導(dǎo)詞詞性不同。as是連詞,which是代詞。

  (2)從句類型不同。as引導(dǎo)的是狀語從句,which引導(dǎo)的是定語從句。

  2. as與which可以換用的三種情況,純屬巧合。

  為何說純屬巧合呢?因為,as引導(dǎo)的是狀語從句,它可以省略無意義的it(作主/賓語時)或承前省略(作表語時)。在省略掉這些詞之后,湊巧可以把as換作which。

 。1)which在“主系表”中作主語時,有時可以替換為as。試對比:

  ●He married her, which was natural.(不能插入it。為何此處不能插入it呢?因為,which是代詞,在從句中作成分,如果再插入it,則重復(fù)了。)

  ●He married her, as (it) was natural.(有無it都可以。為何此處有無it都可以呢?因為,as是連詞,as在從句中不作成分,所以,插入it之后,也不重復(fù)。又因為as引導(dǎo)的是狀語從句,而狀語從句有時可以省略無意義的主語it。)

  ●She has been absent again, which is expected/(which expected×).

 。ā皐hich+be+v-ed”時,不能插入it,也不能省略be。)

  ●She has been absent again, as (it) is expected/as expected.

 。ā癮s+be+v-ed”時,可以插入it,也可以省略be。)

  注意,which在“主謂賓”中作主語時,不能替換為as。如,He saw the girl, which/(as×) delighted him.

  Tom was late for school again, which/(as×) made his teacher angry.(這兩個句子為何不能看作as從句省略it呢?因為,在狀語從句中,一般在“主系表”情況下,才可以省略it,而以上兩個句子都是“主謂賓”。)

 。2)which作賓語時,有時可以替換為as。試對比:

  ●He is from the south, which we can know from his accent.(不能插入it)

  ●He is from the south, as we can know (it) from his accent.(有無it都可以)

 。3)which作表語時,有時可以替換為as。試對比:

  ●He seemed a foreigner, which in fact he was.(不能插入a foreigner)

  ●He seemed a foreigner, as in fact he was (a foreigner).(有無a foreigner都可以。因為,在狀語從句中,承前省略了a foreigner。)

  總之,as是連詞,which是代詞,兩者截然不同。二者能換用的情況,純屬巧合,并不能說明它們詞性相同。打個比方,一個馬群和一個牛群,偶爾在同一地方吃草,但是,馬還是馬牛還是牛。

  3.常見的as引導(dǎo)評述性狀語從句。見下表,

  分類

  舉例

  主系表

  as (it) is often the case,as (it) is natural,as (it) seems likely

  主系+v-ed

  as (it) was pointed,as (it) is mentioned/repeated/said,

  as (it) have been announced,as (it) has been said before

  主謂

  as (it) often happens,as (it) appears

  as I remember/understand (it),as we had expected (it),

  as I have said (it),as we see/know (it),as everyone knows (it)

  注:關(guān)于狀語從句中的省略,可以參看本章第七節(jié)以及第十二章。

  4. 注意as/it/what的區(qū)別。如,

  ●What is known to us all is that China has the largest population in the world.

 。╳hat引導(dǎo)主語從句,that引導(dǎo)表語從句)

  ●It is known to us all that China has the largest population in the world.

 。╥t作形式主語,真實主語是后邊的that從句)

  ●As is known to us all, China has the largest population in the world.

 。╝s引導(dǎo)評述性狀語從句)

  分組對比練習(xí)

  題組28(as與which)

  1. _____ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.(2004,江蘇)

  A.Which   B.When   C.What   D.As

  分析:as引導(dǎo)評述性狀語從句,可以放在主句前,也可以放在主句后。which引導(dǎo)定語從句,不能放在主句前,只能放在主句后。選D。

  2. A lot of language learning, ____has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period .(2012,安徽) A.a(chǎn)s   B.it   C.which   D.this

  句意:正如研究發(fā)現(xiàn),很多語言學(xué)習(xí)發(fā)生在出生后的第一年,所以,在那個階段,父母應(yīng)該多和孩子說話。選A。

  3. The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and emply more people to keep it running, ____meant spending tens of thousands of pounds.(2006,江蘇)  A.who   B.that   C.as   D.which

  分析:which (代詞)在從句中作成分(作主語),as (連詞)在從句中不作成分。選D。

  4. If the man is only interested in your looks, ____ just shows how shallow he is. (陷阱題)

  A. as   B. which   C. what   D. that

  分析:容易誤認為逗號后是非限制性定語從句,從而誤選A或B。其實,注意逗號前是一個條件狀語從句,逗號后是該狀語從句的主句,that 在此代表前文所述的情況,用作主句的主語。選D。

  5. —Who should be responsible for the accident?—The boss, not the workers.They just carried out the order____.(2008,福建)   A.a(chǎn)s told   B.a(chǎn)s are told   C.a(chǎn)s telling   D.a(chǎn)s they told

  分析:as (they are) told,選A。

  題組29(as/it/what)

  1. _____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.(全國卷)

  A. It   B. As   C. That   D. What   選B。

  2. The air quality in the city, ____is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months. (2012,福建)

  A. that   B. it   C. as   D. what

  句意:正如報告中所寫的那樣,在過去的兩個月中,這座城市的空氣質(zhì)量提高了。

  分析:把從句放在句首就很明白了:    is shown in the report, the air quality in the city has improved over the past two months. “正如在報告中所寫的那樣”,as指的是下文所提到的話。選C。

  3. ____ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your email account.(上海高考題)   A. What is required   B. What requires is   C. It is required   D. It requires

  句意:規(guī)則要求你不應(yīng)把你的電子郵件的密碼告訴別人。選C。

  4. ____ was most important to her, she told me, was her family. (2008,山東).

  A. It   B. This   C. What   D. As

  分析:what是主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞,其余都不是。選C。

  5. Everyone knows that ____ is dangerous to play with fire,but ____ is difficult is to prevent children from playing with fire. (陷阱題).   A. it, it   B. what, what  C. it, what  D. what, it

  分析:容易誤選A或B。其實,第一空填形式主語it,真正的主語是其后的不定式 to play with fire。第二空填 what,what is difficult 是主語從句(注意到what is difficult 后有is,若沒有這個is,則第二空也填it)。答案是C。

  ■語法書對比:一般語法書上講解為“as (代詞)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句”,為什么本書卻講解為“as (連詞)引導(dǎo)評述性狀語從句”?到底該聽誰的?

  1.為什么一般語法書講解為“as (代詞)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句”呢?有三個原因:①他們認為,既然“as/which在三種情況下可以換用”,那么“as與which一樣都是代詞”。這種認識是以偏概全,是錯誤的。打個比方,兩個人偶然見了幾次面,有人竟然由此斷定他們是弟兄、谒麄冋J為,既然引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句的as是代詞,那么,引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的as也是代詞。③他們雖然覺得as與which很不相同,但是不知道如何去解釋二者可以換用的現(xiàn)象。

  2.為什么不能按照一般語法書的講解去學(xué)習(xí)?如果按照一般語法書講的去學(xué)習(xí),開始可能感覺很好(兩個詞能換用么),但是一定會越學(xué)越糊涂。因為,①關(guān)于能換用的情況。能換用的情況純屬巧合,導(dǎo)致每一條能換用的情況后邊都要加個“注意:在這種細分情況下不能換用”。②關(guān)于不能換用的情況。學(xué)習(xí)不能換用的那n-3種情況時,更是只能死記硬背了。

  3.本書的講解好在哪里呢?本書的講解,僅僅一句話,即,“as (連詞)引導(dǎo)評述性狀語從句,which (代詞)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句”,就解釋了能換用/不能換用的所有情況。

  ■本文的理論依據(jù)和理論創(chuàng)新:(僅供教師參考)

  一般書中都說as(代詞)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,本書為什么說as(連詞)引導(dǎo)評述性狀語從句?

  本書完善了“把‘逗號后的as從句’處理為狀語從句”這種講解。具體講,當(dāng)前邊后逗號時,as(連詞)引導(dǎo)評述性狀語從句,which(代詞)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。就憑這一點區(qū)別,既可以解釋as與which不可換用的情況(分n-3種情況,見正文講解),又可以解釋as與which可以換用的情況(分3種情況,見正文講解)。

  參考文獻及述評。主要參考了夸克《英語語法大全》和徐廣聯(lián)《大學(xué)英語語法》。參考前者是因為其權(quán)威,參考后者是因為其提供了足夠多的多樣化的可供研究的例句。(也參考了劉重德《英語as的用法研究》(湖南教育出版社)把as用法分為代詞/副詞/介詞/連詞,其中以代詞最復(fù)雜。)

  (1)夸克《英語語法大全》。①15.53認為“as you know”等是評述性狀語從句。②15.55集中講解了as引導(dǎo)的評述性狀語從句,并對比了as作關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句!癮s的這兩類結(jié)構(gòu)經(jīng)常合二為一,可以插入it,也可以不用it。如,as (it) offen happens,as (it) was pointed out,as I remember (it)!雹17.22-24講非限制性定語從句時,壓根兒就沒有提到as。

 。2)徐廣聯(lián)《大學(xué)英語語法》。①第十七講.三.2,as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。此處列舉了大量規(guī)則以及例句。(筆者注:如果把as看作連詞,引導(dǎo)評注性狀語從句,則這些規(guī)則與例句都能得到合理解釋。)②第十八講.七,講方式狀語從句,認為“as I remember”等可以看作是方式狀語從句。(筆者認為應(yīng)該把as I remember看作評注性狀語從句。)

  綜上所述,這兩本書試圖把“逗號后的as從句”處理為狀語從句。但是,尚未對“為什么有時候as和which都可以使用”作出系統(tǒng)的合理的解釋。

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