量詞的概念:
通常用來表示人、事物或動(dòng)作的數(shù)量單位的詞,叫做量詞。
例如:a bag of (rice), a piece of (news), a cup of (tea)
量詞詞組的特點(diǎn):
特點(diǎn)一:
英語量詞詞組所表示的數(shù)或量:大致可歸納為四種類型,即定量、不定量、大量和少量。
1、表示定量的量詞詞組:
如:a couple of(兩個(gè)、一對(duì))—a couple of days,a couple o fplayers,a couple of times
a cupful of(一滿杯)—a cupful of jelly,a cupful of water
a portion of(一份/客)—a portion of duck,a portion of roastbeef
2、表示不定量的量詞詞組:
如:a majority of(大多數(shù)/大半)—a majority of opinions,a majority of votes
an atom of(一點(diǎn))—an atom of food,an atom of truth
a spell of(一陣/一段時(shí)間)—a spell of fine weather,a spell of coughing
3、表示大量的量詞詞組:
如:a flood of—a flood of ink(洋洋大篇),a flood of tears(淚如泉涌)
a heap of—a heap of earth(一堆泥土),a heap of customers(許多顧客)
a mountain of—a mountain of debts(債臺(tái)高筑),a mountain of difficulties(困難重重)
4、表示少量的量詞詞組:
如:a drop of—a drop of fever(有點(diǎn)熱度),a drop of dew(一點(diǎn)露水)
a particle of—a particle of feeling(一絲感情),a particle of dust(一點(diǎn)灰塵)
a shadow of—a shadow of doubt(一點(diǎn)懷疑),a shadow of freedom(一點(diǎn)自由)
特點(diǎn)二:
有些數(shù)量詞組修飾可數(shù)名詞,有些數(shù)量詞組修飾不可數(shù)名詞,還有些則兩者均可修飾。
1、修飾不可數(shù)名詞的量詞詞組:
如:a bit of—a bit of English(一點(diǎn)英語),a bit of good advice(一些好意見),
a bit of interest(一點(diǎn)興趣), a shred of—a shredofevidence(一點(diǎn)證據(jù))
a shred of cloth(少量布),a shred of reputation(一點(diǎn)聲譽(yù))
a sheet of—a sheet of glass(一塊玻璃), a sheet of water(一片汪洋)
2、修飾可數(shù)名詞的量詞詞組:
如:a cluster of—a cluster of flowers(一簇花),a cluster of spectators(一群觀眾),a cluster of bright stars(閃爍群星)
a string of—a string of pearls(一串珠子),a string of curses(連續(xù)不斷的咒罵),a string of excuses(一連串借口)
a scram of—a scram of mosquitoes(一群蚊子),a scram of geese(一群鵝),a scram of children(一群孩子)
3、修飾(不)可數(shù)名詞的量詞詞組:
如:a body of—a body of bees(一群蜜蜂),a body of coldair(一股冷空氣),a body of facts(許多事實(shí))
a block of—a block of ice(一大塊冰),a block of flats(一幢公寓),a block of houses(一排房子)
a chain of—a chain of ideas(一系列想法),a chain of accidents(一連串事故),a chain of proof(一連串證據(jù))
特點(diǎn)三:
有些數(shù)量詞組的搭配是固定的,而有些搭配則比較靈活。
1、搭配固定的量詞詞組:
如:a barrel of—a barrel of beer(一桶啤酒),a barrel of crudeoil(一桶原油)
a basket of—a basket of eggs(一籃雞蛋),a basket of apples(一籃蘋果)
a line of—a line of trees(一行樹),a line of poetry(一行詩)
2、搭配較靈活的量詞詞組:
如:a piece of—a piece of paper(一張紙),a piece of furniture(一件家具),a piece of equipment(一臺(tái)設(shè)備)
a round of—a round of spirit(一巡酒),a round of diplomatic talks(一輪外交談判),a round of toast(一片烤面包)
a bar of—a bar of chocolate(一塊巧克力),a bar of soap(一條肥皂),a bar of light(一束光)
一些常見的量詞及搭配:
1、一般性的表示個(gè)數(shù)的量詞:
這一組中主要有piece, bit, item, article等詞,但piece具有獨(dú)特的地位,在使用其他詞的地方一般都可使用piece代替之。
如:piece: a piece of meat/paper/bread/music/information/furniture/machinery, etc.一片肉/一張紙/一片面包/一首曲子/一條信息/一件家具/一臺(tái)機(jī)器等
bit: a bit of news/wood/advice/trouble, etc. 一條消息/一塊木頭/一條建議/一件麻煩事等
item: an item of news/crime/program/business, etc. 一條新聞/一宗罪行/一個(gè)項(xiàng)目/一筆生意等
article: an article o fexport/furniture/clothing/luggage, etc. 一宗出口/一件家具/一件衣服/一件行李等
2、以形狀表示個(gè)數(shù)的量詞:
如:bar: a bar of chocolate/candy 一塊巧克力/一塊糖
bunch: a bunch of flowers/grapes/keys 一束花/一串葡萄/一串鑰匙
cake: a cake of soap/ice 一塊肥皂/一塊冰
cluster: a cluster of stars/flowers/animals 一群星/一束花/一群動(dòng)物
comb: a comb of bananas 一串香蕉
drop: a drop of rain/blood 一滴雨/一滴血
ear: an ear of corn/wheat 一棒玉米/一穗麥子
flight: a flight of stairs/arrows/sparrows 一段樓梯/一陣箭雨/一群麻雀
flock: a flock of workmen/criminals/boys 一群工人/一伙罪犯/一群男孩
head: a head of cabbage/cauliflower/sheep 一頭卷心菜/一塊花菜/一頭羊
lump: a lump of sugar/coal/clay一塊糖/一塊煤/一塊土
spiral: a spiral of mosquito incense 一盤蚊香
slice: a slice of meat/bread/beef 一片肉/一片面包/一塊牛肉
swarm: a swarm of bees 一群蜜蜂
bevy: a bevy of beauties/girls/ladies 一群美人/一群女孩/一群女士
gathering: a gathering of friends 一幫朋友
clump: a clump of trees 一叢樹林
pack: a pack of rascals/wolves 一群流氓/一群狼
3、表示容積的詞:
如:bottle: a bottle of ink/milk/wine 一瓶酒/一瓶牛奶/一瓶葡萄酒
bowl: a bowl of rice/porridge 一碗米飯/一碗粥
pail: a pail of water 一桶水
glass: a glass of beer 一杯啤酒
cup: a cup of tea 一杯茶
handful: a handful of soil 一抔土
spoonful: a spoonful of oil 一湯匙油
mouthful: a mouthful of snow 一口雪
truckload: a truckload of steel 一卡車鋼材
packet: a packet of cigarette 一包煙
4、表示行為動(dòng)態(tài)的量詞:
如:fit: a fit of laughter 一陣笑聲
peal: a peal of thunder 一陣?yán)茁?/p>
flash: a flash of light 一道閃電
display: a display of force 一番武力展示
還有:①a drove of horses(一群馬)
、赼 flock of goats(一群山羊)
③a herd of elephants(一群大象)
、躠 pack of wolves(一群狼)
、輆 pride of lion(一群獅子)
、轪 skulk of foxes(一群狐貍)