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 欄目類別:知識點 >> 高中 >> 英語

關(guān)系代詞

更新時間:2016/7/20 12:41:00  手機版

  關(guān)系代詞的概念:

  英語中的關(guān)系代詞有who, whom, whose, that, which, 它們是用來引導(dǎo)定語從句的。關(guān)系代詞既代表定語從句所修飾的詞,又在其所引導(dǎo)的從句中承擔一個成分,如主語、賓語、表語、或定語。

  如:This is the man who saved your son. (who在從句中作主語,先行詞是man)

  The man whom I met yesterday is Jim.

  A child whose parents are dead is an orphan.

  He wants a room whose window looks out over the sea.

  關(guān)系代詞用法:

  1、that與which的用法區(qū)別:

  兩者都可指物,?苫Q。其區(qū)別主要在于:

  (1)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時,通常要用which:

  如:She received an invitation from her boss, which came as a surprise. 她收到了老板的邀請,這是她意想不到的。

 。2)直接放在介詞后作賓語時,通常要用which:

  如:The tool with which he is working is called a hammer. 他干活用的那個工具叫做錘子。

 。3)當先行詞是下列不定代詞或被它們修飾時much, little, none, all, few, every(thing), any(thing), no(thing)等時,通常用that:

  如:There was little that the enemy could do but surrender. 敵人無法,只有投降了。

  All[Everything] that can be done must be done. 凡能做的事都必須做。

 。4)當先行詞有the very, the only, the same等修飾時,通常用that:

  如:This is the only example that I know. 我知道的例子只有這一個。

  Those are the very words that he used. 那是他的原話。

 。5)當先行詞有形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞(包括last, next等)等修飾時,通常用that:

  如:This is the best dictionary that I've ever used. 這是我用過的最好的詞典。

  The first thing that you should do is to work out a plan. 你應(yīng)該做的第一件事是訂個計劃。

 。6)當關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中用作表語時,通常用that:

  如:China is not the country(that) it was. 中國已不是過去的中國了。

  (7)當先行詞是一個既指人又指物的并列詞組時,通常用that:

  如:They talked about the persons and things that most impressed them. 他們談?wù)摿耸顾麄冇∠笞钌畹娜撕褪隆?/p>

  (8)當要避免重復(fù)時:

  如:Which is the course that we are to take? 我們選哪門課程?

  2、that與who的用法區(qū)別:

 。1)兩者均可指人,有時可互換:

  如:All that[who] heard him were delighted. 所有聽了他講話的人都很高興。

  Have you met anybody that[who] has been to Paris? 你遇見過到過巴黎的人嗎?

  He is the only one among us that[who] knows Russian. 他是我們中間唯一懂俄語的人。

  (2)但是在下列情況,通常要用that:

 、佼斚刃性~是一個既指人又指物的并列詞組時:

  如:I made a speech on the men and things that I had seen abroad. 我就我在國外所見到的人和事作了報告。

  ②當先行詞是who時(為避免重復(fù)):

  如:Who was it that won the World Cup in1982? 誰贏得了1982年的世界杯?

  ③當關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作表語時(可省略):

  如:Tom is not the boy(that) he was. 湯姆這孩子已不是以前那個樣子了。

  關(guān)系代詞知識體系:

  關(guān)系代詞用法拓展:

  1、as與which的用法區(qū)別:

  (1)引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句時,在such,as,thesame后只能用as,其他情況用which:

  如:I never heard such stories as he tells. 我從未聽過他講那樣的故事。

  It's the same story as I heard yesterday. 這故事跟我昨天聽到的一樣。

  This is the photo which shows my house. 這張照片拍的是我的住宅。

  (2)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時,有時兩者可互換:

  如:I live a long way from work, as [which] you know. 我住得離工作單位很遠,這你是知道的。

  (3)但在,在以下情況引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時,兩者不可換用:

 、佼攺木湮挥谥骶淝懊鏁r,只用as:

  如:As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. 月球每月繞地球轉(zhuǎn)一周,這是每個人都清楚的。

 、赼s引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句應(yīng)與主句在意義上和諧一致,which無此限制:

  如:He went abroad, as[which] was expected. 他出國了,這是大家預(yù)料到的。

  He went abroad, which was unexpected. 他出國了,這讓大家感到很意外。(不用as)

 、踑s引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時,先行詞通常不能是主句中某個具體的詞,而應(yīng)是整個句子、整個短語或某個短語推斷出來的概念,而which則無此限制:

  如:The river, which flows through London, is called the Thames. 這條流經(jīng)倫敦的河叫泰晤士河。(不用as)

 、墚攁s引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句作主語時,其謂語通常應(yīng)是連系動詞,而不宜是其他動詞,而which則無此限制:

  如:She has married again, as[which] seemed natural. 她又結(jié)婚了,這似乎很自常。

  She has married again, which delighted us.她又結(jié)婚了,這使我們很高興。(不用as)

  2、who與whom的用法區(qū)別:

  兩者均只用于人,從理論上說,who為主格,whom為賓格:

  如:Where's the girl who sells the tickets? 賣票的女孩在哪里?

  The author whom you criticized in your view has written a letter in reply. 你在評論中批評的那個作者已寫了一封回信。

  但實際上,除非在正式文體中,賓格關(guān)系代詞whom往往省略不用,或用who或that代之:

  如:The man(that, who, whom) you met just now is called Jim. 你剛遇見的那個人叫吉姆。

  不過,在以下幾種情況值得注意:

  (1)直接跟在介詞后面作賓語時,只能用whom,而且不能省略:

  如:She brought with her three friends, none of whom I had ever met before. 她帶了3個朋友來,我以前都沒見過。

  (2)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句且作賓語時,who和whom均可用,但以用whom為佳,此時也不能省略:

  如:This is Jack, who[whom] you haven't met before. 這是杰克,你以前沒見過。

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