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 欄目類別:知識(shí)點(diǎn) >> 高中 >> 英語(yǔ)

系動(dòng)詞

更新時(shí)間:2016/7/20 12:53:00  手機(jī)版

  系動(dòng)詞的概念:

  連系動(dòng)詞(link verb)是一個(gè)表示謂語(yǔ)關(guān)系的動(dòng)詞。它必須后接表語(yǔ)(通常為名詞或形容詞)。連系動(dòng)詞的功能主要是把表語(yǔ)(名詞、形容詞、某些副詞、非謂詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、從句)和它的主語(yǔ)聯(lián)系在一起,說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的屬性、特征或狀態(tài)。它有自己的但不完全的詞義,不能在句中獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ),必須和后面的表語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成句子的謂語(yǔ)。它是虛詞。

  系動(dòng)詞的分類:

  1、狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞:

  用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)狀態(tài),只有be一詞。

  例如:He is a teacher. 他是一名教師。(is與補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)一起說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份。)

  2、持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand:

  例如:The weather will continue cold and wet.

  He remained poor after 20years.

  The shop will stay open at 11:00p.m.

  He stood/sat silent there.

  3、表像系動(dòng)詞:

  用來(lái)表示"看起來(lái)像"這一概念,主要有seem, appear, look。

  例如:She appears to have know this thing.

  She seems a student.

  4、感官系動(dòng)詞:

  感官系動(dòng)詞主要有feel, smell, sound, taste。

  例如:The silk feels soft.

  Your idea sounds a good one.

  He looked like his mother.

  The mixture tasted terrible.

  The flower smells sweet.

  5、變化系動(dòng)詞:

  這些系動(dòng)詞表示主語(yǔ)變成什么樣,變化系動(dòng)詞主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run。

  例如:My dream o fcoming to China has come true.

  In summer food often goes bad.

  He turned doctor./ He became a doctor.

  He fell asleep as soon as he went to bed.

  6、終止系動(dòng)詞表示主語(yǔ)已終止動(dòng)作,主要有prove, turn out,表達(dá)"證實(shí)","變成"之意。

  例如:The truth he stuck to proved true.

  系動(dòng)詞基本用法:

  連系動(dòng)詞是表示不完全謂語(yǔ)關(guān)系的動(dòng)詞,它與其后的表語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。

  常見(jiàn)的連系動(dòng)詞有be(是),become(成為),get(變成),remain(還是),seem(似乎是),look(看上去),feel(感覺(jué))等。

  連系動(dòng)詞后的表語(yǔ)通常是名詞和形容詞,有時(shí)也可以是代詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、從句等:

  如:His English is excellent. 他的英語(yǔ)很棒。(跟形容詞)

  He is a famous poet. 他是著名詩(shī)人。(跟名詞)

  Money isn't everything. 金錢不是一切。(跟代詞)

  She was the first to arrive. 她是第一個(gè)到達(dá)的人。(跟數(shù)詞)

  Who is up stairs? 誰(shuí)在樓上?(跟副詞)

  He is with his friends. 他和朋友在一起。(跟介詞短語(yǔ))

  He seems to be ill.他似乎病了。(跟不定式)

  Seeing is believing. 眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。(跟動(dòng)名詞)

  This is what you need. 這就是你需要的。(跟從句)

  注:有些系動(dòng)詞又是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,該動(dòng)詞表達(dá)實(shí)義時(shí),有詞義,可單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)。

  例如:1、She tasted①the soup to see if it tasted②too salty.  她嘗了一口湯,看是否太咸。

  2、The doctor is feeling①his pulse because he feels②sick. 因?yàn)樯眢w不舒服,醫(yī)生正在給他切脈。

  3、The mother looked①at the sick child sadly and she looked②sad. 母親難過(guò)地看著生病的孩子。

  4、She smelled①the meat to make sure it still smelled②good. 她聞了聞肉,看看是否還新鮮。

  5、The teacher asked the students to keep②quite when they were keeping①everything in order. 當(dāng)學(xué)生整理東西時(shí),老師讓他們保持安靜。

  從以例子不難出,標(biāo)①的動(dòng)詞為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,他們后跟有賓語(yǔ);標(biāo)②的動(dòng)詞為系動(dòng)詞,其后往往跟形容詞、名詞、不定式等作表語(yǔ)。

  系動(dòng)詞知識(shí)體系:

  連系動(dòng)詞使用應(yīng)注意的兩點(diǎn):

  1、關(guān)于連系動(dòng)詞后接副詞作表語(yǔ):

  連系動(dòng)詞后通?山有稳菰~作表語(yǔ),一般不接副詞:

  誤:His English is very well. 他的英語(yǔ)很好。(應(yīng)將well改為good)

  誤:Be carefully. 小心點(diǎn)。(應(yīng)將carefully改為careful)

  誤:The soup tastes nicely. 這湯味道不錯(cuò)。(應(yīng)將nicely改為nice)

  但是,有時(shí)連系動(dòng)詞后也可接副詞作表語(yǔ),不過(guò)這主要限于in, on, off, out, away, behind, up, down, over, through, around, round, below, inside, outside等少數(shù)副詞小品詞以及here, there, upstairs, downstairs等少數(shù)表示地點(diǎn)或方位的副詞:

  如:Mother wasn't in last night. 母親昨晚不在家。

  The meeting was over at five. 會(huì)議五點(diǎn)結(jié)束。

  Come along. The taxi is outside. 來(lái)吧,出租車在外面。

  Mother is downstairs waiting for you. 母親在樓下等你。

  2、關(guān)于連系動(dòng)詞后接不定式:

 。1)連系動(dòng)詞be后根據(jù)情況可自由地接不定式作表語(yǔ):

  如:My dream is to be a scientist. 我的夢(mèng)想是當(dāng)一名科學(xué)家。

  All I could do was to wait. 我只能等。

  My plan was to go from London to Paris. 我計(jì)劃從倫敦去巴黎。

  I was to have seen Mr Kay. 我本要去見(jiàn)凱先生的。

 。2)seem, appear, prove, continue, turn out, get, grow, come等連系動(dòng)詞后也可接不定式(尤其是to be)作表語(yǔ):

  如:She always seems to be sad. 她常常顯得很憂傷。

  My advice proved to be wrong. 我的意見(jiàn)證明是錯(cuò)的。

  She appears to have many friends. 他好像有很多朋友。

  The weather turned out to be fine. 天氣結(jié)果很好。

  Circumstances continue to be favorable.  情況仍然是有利的。

  He has grown to like studying English. 他漸漸喜歡學(xué)英語(yǔ)了。

  【注】

  若所接不定式為to be,通常可以省略。不過(guò),若其后接的是表語(yǔ)形容詞,則to be通常不宜省略。

  另外,連系動(dòng)詞look后能否接tobe似乎尚有爭(zhēng)論,不過(guò),在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中接to be的現(xiàn)象已較普遍。

 。3)sound, smell, feel, taste, become等連系動(dòng)詞后通常不能接不定式:

  誤:These oranges taste to be good. (應(yīng)去掉to be)

  誤:The roses smell to be nice.(應(yīng)去掉to be)

 。4)有的連系動(dòng)詞后接的從句可用不定式來(lái)改寫:

  如:It seems that she's right./ She seems to be right. 她似乎是對(duì)的。

  It appears that you have made a mistake./You appear to have made a mistake. 似乎你弄錯(cuò)了。

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