過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的概念:
過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。其形式為was /were + V-ing。
常與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用,如:last night, last Saturday等;或者與when, while, as引導(dǎo)的過去時(shí)間狀語連用。
過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法:
1、主要表示過去某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作:
如:He fell asleep when he was reading. 他看書時(shí)睡著了。
We were expecting you yesterday. 我們昨天一直在等你。
He was playing while I was studying. 我在做功課時(shí)他在玩。
2、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在:
用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在主要是為了使語氣委婉、客氣。
如:I was wondering if you could give me a lift. 我不知你能否讓我搭一下車。
We were hoping you would stay with us. 我們很希望你能跟我們住在一起。
How much did you want to spend, sir? 先生,您打算花多少錢?
【注】一般過去時(shí)也有類似用法,但比較而言,用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)顯得更客氣,更不肯定。
3、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示感情色彩:
與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)相似,過去進(jìn)行時(shí)也可表示滿意、稱贊、驚訝、厭惡等感情色彩,也通常與always, forever, continually等副詞連用。
如:They were always quarrelling. 他們老是吵架。
The boy was continually asking questions. 這個(gè)男孩子老是問東問西的。
4、動(dòng)詞be的過去進(jìn)行時(shí):
動(dòng)詞be的進(jìn)行時(shí)也可表示過去一時(shí)的表現(xiàn)或暫時(shí)的狀態(tài)。
如:He was friendly. 他很友好。(指過去長(zhǎng)期如此)
He was being friendly. 他當(dāng)時(shí)顯得很友好。(指當(dāng)時(shí)一時(shí)的表現(xiàn))
過去進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別:
�。�1)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作在過去某時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行或持續(xù),而一般過去時(shí)表示動(dòng)作的完成。
如:He was writing his composition last night. 他昨晚在寫作文。(不一定寫完)
He wrote his composition last night. 他昨晚寫了一篇作文。(已經(jīng)寫完)
(2)表示過去的狀態(tài)、感覺及心理活動(dòng)的靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞(如be, like, love, hate, fear, own, hear, see, know, want, notice)可用于一般過去時(shí),但通常不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。
如:I hated it when a man spoke with his mouth full of food. 我討厭人們說話時(shí)口里含著食物。
�。�3)一般過去時(shí)與always, constantly, forever, continually等連用,表示“過去經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作”;
而過去進(jìn)行時(shí)與always, constantly, forever, continually等連用,表示動(dòng)作的重復(fù),常帶有感情的色彩。
如: He always got up at six. 他過去總是六點(diǎn)起床。
He was always thinking of his work. 他總是一心想到工作。
(4)有時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)可以用來替換一般過去時(shí),但一般過去時(shí)表示主語的行為是經(jīng)過認(rèn)真考慮的;
而過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示一種較隨便或沒有進(jìn)行仔細(xì)考慮的行為。
如:I thought that he would agree with us. 我原以為它會(huì)同意我們的。
I was thinking of persuading him to follow my advice. 我想到了要說服他接受我們的建議。
注:下面幾種情況不用一般過去時(shí)而要用過去進(jìn)行時(shí):
1、表示過去某一階段暫時(shí)性的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作時(shí)。
如:Tom was getting up at six o'clock every day that week. 湯姆那一周里每天都是六點(diǎn)鐘起床。
2、與always連用表示贊美,厭煩等感情色彩時(shí)。
如:John was always coming to school late. 約翰上學(xué)總是遲到。
LeiFeng was always doing good deeds for the people. 雷鋒總是為人民做好事。
3、用來描寫故事發(fā)生的情景時(shí)。
如:It was a dark night. The wind was blowing hard and the rain was falling heavily. A PLA man suddenly appeared on the river bank. He wanted to cross the river.
那是一個(gè)漆黑的夜晚,風(fēng)刮得很厲害,雨下得很大,一個(gè)解放軍戰(zhàn)士突然出現(xiàn)在河岸上,他想過河去。
4、when作并列連詞,表示“(這時(shí))突然”之意時(shí),第一個(gè)并列分句用過去進(jìn)行時(shí),when引導(dǎo)的并列分句用一般過去時(shí)。
如:I was taking a walk when I met him. 我正在散步,突然遇見了他。
We were playing outside when it began to rain. 我們正在外邊玩,這時(shí)下起雨來了。
5、go, come, leave, start, arrive等動(dòng)詞可用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去將來的含義。
如:I was leaving for Wuhan that day. 那天我正要去武漢。
She was coming later. 她隨后就來。