非限制性定語從句的概念:
非限制性定語是對被修飾名詞或代詞的附加說明,它不是必需的,如果去掉,也不會影響句子的意思,它與被修飾名詞之間通常用逗號分開。
如:The travellers, knowing about the floods, took another road. 游客們知道發(fā)了大水,都改道走了。
The boys, wanting to play football, were disappointed when it rained. 那些男孩子想踢足球,因為下雨感到失望。
非限制性定語從句用法:
1、引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時,只能用which(不用that)。
例如:Heat is another form of energy, which is as important as other kinds of energy.
熱是另一種形式的能量,與其他形式的能量一樣重要。 (從句表補(bǔ)充說明,而且關(guān)系代詞which不能換成that。)
2、引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句的which可以指代前面的先行詞,也可以指前面整個句子的含義。
例如:That Peter will marry Alice, which has not been announced yet, has spread around.
彼特要娶愛麗斯這件事還沒宣布,卻已傳得沸沸揚(yáng)揚(yáng)。(句子中的which指“彼特要娶愛麗斯”這整個句子的意思。)
3、除which外,還可用when,where,who等關(guān)系代、副詞引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句。
例如:After graduation, I decided to stay in Chongqing, where I spent my childhood and four years of college life.
畢業(yè)后,我決定留在重慶,在那里我曾度過了我的童年和四年大學(xué)生活。
Albert Einstein left Germany for the United States during World WarII, when Jews were badly treated in Germany.
第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間,愛因斯坦離開德國去了美國,那時猶太人在德國受到不好的對待。
4、在限定性定語從句中作賓語時,引導(dǎo)詞可以省略,但引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞不能省。
如:He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother, whom he loved and respected as his own mother.
他急于想去醫(yī)院看望他的繼母,他把他的繼母當(dāng)作親生母親一樣熱愛和尊敬。
The American journalist(whom/who) the announcer mentioned in the news broadcast is said to have been killed by the gangsters.
播音員在新聞廣播中提到的那位美國記者據(jù)說已經(jīng)被匪徒殺害了。
兩例中的關(guān)系代詞都在從句中作賓語。由于第二例是限定性定語從句,可以省略關(guān)系代詞;第一例中的引導(dǎo)詞不能省略,因為它引導(dǎo)的是非限定性定語從句。
5、表示“正如”的含義時,通常用as引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句,也可用which引導(dǎo);但置于句首時,只能用as引導(dǎo)。
如:China has basically succeeded in defeating SARS, which/as we have expected.
正如我們所預(yù)料的那樣,中國已基本上戰(zhàn)勝了“非典”。
As is well known to everybody, Tai wan is an inseparable part of China.
眾所周知,臺灣是中國不可分割的一部分。
但是當(dāng)非限定性定語從句是否定含義時,就只能用which(而不用as)引導(dǎo)。
如:He didn't win the championship, which I hadn't expected.
他沒獲得冠軍,這一點是我沒預(yù)料到的。
非限制性定語叢句中as, which的區(qū)別:
1、which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語叢句代表前面的整個句子的時候,一般是對主句的結(jié)果的說明。
如: He grows too fast, which makes him taller than his classmates.
2、as引導(dǎo)非限制性叢句代表前面整個句子時一般來講叢句的謂語動詞有三種:
A. 含有be動詞:
如:He failed the exam, as is natural.
B. 實意動詞的被動形式:
如:As is reported, the fire caused a great loss.
C.感官動詞和意識類動詞如:
如:see, hear, notice, know, learn, realize 等。
As you know, I am a teacher.
3、as可翻譯為正如,它引導(dǎo)的叢句可位于主句之前,也可位于主句之后;which引導(dǎo)的該叢句只能位于主句之后。
例1:__A___he realized, I was very useful to him.
例2:This elephant is like a snake, ___A__anybody can see.
例3:The sun gives us light and heat, __B___makes the plan tgrow well.
A. As(as)
B. which
C. that
D. who
限定性定語從句與非限定性定語從句的區(qū)別:
非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系詞:
非限定性定語從句的使用規(guī)則及注意事項:
1、which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句是用來說明前面整個句子的情況或主句的某一部分。
2、在引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句時,that有時相當(dāng)于in which, at which, for which或at which。其中,介詞的選用,依據(jù)從句中的動詞所需搭配的介詞來選用。例句:
① Attitudes towards day dreaming are changing in much the same way that(inwhich)attitudes towards night dreaming have changed.
人們對白日做夢的態(tài)度正在改變,這與人們對夜間做夢的看法的變化有非常相似之處。
、 I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it.
我出于某種原因喜歡這種音樂,而他恰恰與我相反。
③ We arrived the day that(on which) they left.
剛好我們到的那天他們走了。
3、as有時也可用作關(guān)系代詞。
4、在非限定性定語從句中,關(guān)系詞不能用that。