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 欄目類(lèi)別:知識(shí)點(diǎn) >> 高中 >> 英語(yǔ)

主謂一致

更新時(shí)間:2016/7/20 13:58:00  手機(jī)版

  主謂一致的概念:

  謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)必須和主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)保持一致,這就叫主謂一致。

  主謂一致的基本原則:

  1)語(yǔ)法一致原則,即在語(yǔ)法形式上取得一致。例如,主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也采取單數(shù)形式;主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也采取復(fù)數(shù)形式。

  例如:The students are very young.

  This picture looks beautiful.

  2)意義一致原則,即從意義著眼處理一致關(guān)系。例如,主語(yǔ)形式雖是單數(shù)但意義是復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也采取復(fù)數(shù)形式;

  而有些主語(yǔ)形式雖是復(fù)數(shù)但意義上看作單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也采取單數(shù)形式。

  例如:The people in that country are fighting for independence.

  The crowd deeply respect their leader.

  Three years in a strange land seems a long time.

  3)就近原則,即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語(yǔ)。

  例如:Neither hen or I am going to see the film tonight because we are busy.

  幾對(duì)容易混淆詞組的一致用法:

  1、由“this/thatkind/typeof+名詞”作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;而由"these/thosekind/typeof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

  例如:This kind of apples is highly priced.

  Those kind(s) of tests are good.

  2、由“a number of,a totalo f,an average of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;由“the number of,the total of,the average of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

  例如:A number of students are waiting for the bus.

  The number of the students in this university is increasing yearly.

  3、one of,the(only) one of的一致用法

  例如:This is one of the books that have been recommended.

  This is the(only) one of the books that has been recommended.

  主謂一致用法點(diǎn)撥:

  1、并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù):

  如:Reading and writing are very important.

  注意:當(dāng)主語(yǔ)由and連結(jié)時(shí),如果它表示一個(gè)單一的概念,即指同一人或同一物時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),and此時(shí)連接的兩個(gè)詞前只有一個(gè)冠詞。

  如:The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.

  典型例題:

  The League secretary and monitor___asked to make a speech at the meeting.

  A. is

  B. was

  C. are

  D. were

  答案:B.

  注:先從時(shí)態(tài)上考慮。這是過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí),先排除A、C本題易誤選D,因?yàn)門(mén)he League secretary and monitor 好象是兩個(gè)人,但仔細(xì)辨別,monitor前沒(méi)有the,在英語(yǔ)中,當(dāng)一人兼數(shù)職時(shí)只在第一個(gè)職務(wù)前加定冠詞。后面的職務(wù)用and相連。這樣本題主語(yǔ)為一個(gè)人,所以應(yīng)選B。

  2、主謂一致中的靠近原則:

  1)當(dāng)there be句型的主語(yǔ)是一系列事物時(shí),謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)與最鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。

  例如:There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.

  There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.

  2)當(dāng)either…or…與neither…nor,連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與最鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。

  如果句子是由here, there引導(dǎo),而主語(yǔ)又不止一個(gè)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)通常也和最鄰近的主語(yǔ)一致。

  例如:Either you or she is to go.

  Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.

  3、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的主語(yǔ)一致:

  當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as等詞引起的短語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的主語(yǔ)一致。

  例如:The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.

  He as well as I wants to go boating.

  4、謂語(yǔ)需用單數(shù):

  1)代詞each和由every, some, no, any等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語(yǔ),或主語(yǔ)中含有each,every,謂語(yǔ)需用單數(shù)。

  例如:Each of us has a tape-recorder.

  2)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是一本書(shū)或一條格言時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。

  例如:The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English.

  3)表示金錢(qián),時(shí)間,價(jià)格或度量衡的復(fù)合名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),通常把這些名詞看作一個(gè)整體,謂語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù)。(用復(fù)數(shù)也可,意思不變。)

  例如:Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.

  Ten yuan is enough.

  5、指代意義決定謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù):

  1)在代詞what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由其指代的詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。

  例如:All is right. (一切順利。)

  All are present. (所有人都到齊了。)

  2)集體名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)要根據(jù)主語(yǔ)的意思來(lái)決定。

  例如:family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等詞后用復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí),意為這個(gè)集體中的各個(gè)成員,用單數(shù)時(shí)表示該個(gè)集體。

  例如:His family isn't very large. 他家不是一個(gè)大家庭。

  His family are music lovers. 他的家人都是音樂(lè)愛(ài)好者。

  但集合名詞people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情況下都用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

  例如:Are there any police around?

  3)有些名詞,如variety, number, population, proportion, majority等有時(shí)看作單數(shù),有時(shí)看作復(fù)數(shù)。

  A number of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。 The number of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+單數(shù)動(dòng)詞。

  例如:A number of books have lent out.

  The majority of the students like English.

  6、與后接名詞或代詞保持一致:

  1)用half of, part of, most of, a portion of等詞引起主語(yǔ)時(shí),動(dòng)詞通常與of后面的名詞,代詞保持一致。

  例如:Most of his money is spent on books.

  Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.

  2)在一些短語(yǔ),如many a或more than one所修飾的詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)形式。

  但由more than…of作主語(yǔ)時(shí),動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與其后的名詞或代詞保持一致。

  例如:Many a person has read the novel. 許多人都讀過(guò)這本書(shū)。

  More than 60percent of the students are from the city. 百分之六十多的學(xué)生都來(lái)自這個(gè)城市

  主謂一致知識(shí)體系:

  主謂一致用法拓展:

  1)當(dāng)everyone,everybody,noone,nobody,anyone,anybody,someone,somebody,everything,anything,something,nothing等用作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其相應(yīng)的代詞一般用單數(shù)形式。

  例如:If anybody calls, tell him that I'm out.

  Something strange happened, didn't it?

  2)人稱(chēng)代詞與名詞的呼應(yīng):人稱(chēng)代詞I(me),he(him),she(her),it(it) 都是代替前面的單數(shù)名詞,而they(them),we(us)則是代替復(fù)數(shù)名詞的,you既可以代表單數(shù),也可以代表復(fù)數(shù)。但表示泛指的時(shí)候,用he或one來(lái)表示。

  例如:If a young person enters a classical music field only for money, he is in the wrong profession.

  3)物主代詞與名詞的呼應(yīng):my,our,his,her,its,their要與代替的名詞在數(shù)上一致。

  例如:The welfare department,as well as the other social services,will have its budget cut.

  4)反身代詞與其所代成分間的呼應(yīng)。

  例如:Many primitive people believed that by eating ananimal they could get some of the good qualities of that animal for themselves.

  5)指示代詞與所代名詞間的呼應(yīng):this和that指代單數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞,these和those指代復(fù)數(shù)名詞(those還可以用作先行詞,引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,表示“那些人”)。

  例如:She invited all those who had been her former colleagues.

  6)much和muchof后接不可數(shù)名詞,而many和manyof后接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。

  例如:There is not much coal left.

  A great many of the houses were knocked down by the earthquake.

  7)表示量的詞后面有的接可數(shù)名詞,有的接不可數(shù)名詞。

  接可數(shù)名詞的有:a number of,a rangeof,a series of十復(fù)數(shù)名詞;

  接不可數(shù)名詞的有:a great deal of,an amount of十不可數(shù)名詞;

  既可接可數(shù)又可接不可數(shù)名詞的有:a lot of,a variety of。

  例如:1.The government attached a great deal of importance to education.

  2.Quiteanumberofwomenappliedforthisjob.

  3.The college library has avariety of books.

  4.An apple is avariety off ruit.

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