定義：
直接引語：直接引用別人的原話，并在原話前后加引號。
例：He said:" It is too late."
間接引語：用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，多數(shù)以賓語從句的形式構(gòu)成。
例：He said it was too late.
直接引語與間接引語的轉(zhuǎn)換：
一、人稱代詞的變化：
直接引語變間接引語時，人稱代詞的變化一般規(guī)律是：
第一人稱→第三人稱；
第二人稱→第一人稱；
第三人稱→第三人稱。
簡記為“二一、一三、三留”。
例："I'm thinking of changing my address." he said.
→ He said that he was thinking of changing his address.（I和he指同一個人）
Xiao Ming asked me, "Are you going to the park with us?"
→ Xiao Ming asked me if I was going to the park with them.（us與them指相同的人，XiaoMing是其中的一員；me和you指同一個人）
Mr. Li said, "She will attend the meeting."
→ Mr. Li saidthatshewouldattendthemeeting.（Mr. Li和she不是同一個人） 但當(dāng)說話者是第一人稱，直接引語中的主語也是第一人稱時，不作變化。
I said to my children, "I will give you some presents on Christmas Day."
→ I told my children I would give them some presents on Christmas Day. （I為同一說話者）
二、時態(tài)的變化：
直接引語變間接引語時，時態(tài)的變化規(guī)律是往“過去”相應(yīng)的時態(tài)推移：
一般現(xiàn)在時→一般過去時，
一般將來時→過去將來時，
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時→過去進(jìn)行時，
現(xiàn)在完成時→過去完成時，
一般過去時/過去完成時→過去完成時。
如：My father told me, "He will come back next week."
→ My father told me that he would come back the next week.
She asked me, "Did you finish your homework?"
→ She asked me if I had finished my homework.
注意：直接引語屬下列情況時，時態(tài)不作變化：
1、直接引語屬真理或客觀事實(shí)時：
如：The teacher said to us, "Light runs much faster than sound."
→ The teacher told us light runs much faster than sound.
2、主句謂語動詞是現(xiàn)在或?qū)砟硞�時態(tài)：
如：The old man often says, "I joined the Red Army when I was young."
→ The old man often says that he joined the Red Army when he was young.
3、直接引語帶有具體的過去時間狀語時：
如：The politics teacher said to us, "The party was founded in 1921."
→ The politics teacher told us that the party was founded in 1921.
4、直接引語謂語有情態(tài)動詞：had better，would rather及need，must，oughtto等時：
如：He said to me, "I would rather live in the countryside."
→ He told me that he would rather live in the countryside.
5、直接引語為虛擬語氣謂語時 e.g.Shesaid,"IwouldbehappyifIwereabird."→ Shesaidthatshewouldbehappyifshewereabird.
三、句型的變化：
直接引語變間接引語時，句型要作適當(dāng)變化：
1、變陳述句為由that引導(dǎo)的從句（that常省略）：
如："I want to improve my English at school," said the child.
→ The child said(that) he wanted to improve his English at school.
2、變一般疑問句為由if/whether引導(dǎo)的從句：
如："Are you sure he will come today?"Jenny asked Helen.
→ Jenny asked Helen if/whether she was sure he would come that day.
3、變選擇疑問句為由whether...or.../whether...or not引導(dǎo)的從句：
如："Is he a director or an actor?" she asked me.
→ She asked me whether he was a director or an actor.
4、變反意問句時，要視說話者的語氣而定：
�。�1）表示疑問時，先需去掉后面的反意問句部分，再按一般疑問句變化。
如："You haven't finished your composition, have you?" the teacher said to me.
→ The teacher asked me if I had finished my composition.
�。�2）表示提醒或警告等特別語氣時，先按陳述句變化，再把間接引語前的動詞更換為表示相應(yīng)語氣的動詞remind，warn等。
如："You're late for class, aren't you?" the teacher said angrily to me.
→ The teacher warned me that I was late for class.
5、變特殊疑問詞開頭的問句為原特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的從句：
如："When did you come here?" Tom asked Jim.
→ Tom asked Jim when he had gone there.
6、變祈使句為不定式短語，作動詞ask，tell，order，beg，request，advise，offer，warn等的賓語補(bǔ)足語，賓語為說話者的對象，選什么動詞，視情況而定：
如：The doctor said to the patient, "Don't eat oily food again."
→ The doctor advised the patient not to eat oily food again.
7、變感嘆句為how或what引出的從句，也可用that引出從句：
如："How clever a boy he is." the teacher said to the mother.
→ The teacher told the mother how clever a boy he was.
或：The teacher told the mother that he was clever boy.
8、直接引語是多個句子時，按其句型特點(diǎn)，用上面的方法分別處理，并用and連接：
如：Mrs. Smith said, "I don't know the way to the station. How can I get there?"
→ Mrs. Smith said that she didn't know the way to the station and asked me how she could get there.
9、若直接引語是What's the matter?/What has happened?/What's wrong with...? 時，變成間接引語語序不變：
如："What's the matter?" said he.
→ He asked me what was the matter.
直接引語變間接引語詞語轉(zhuǎn)化對比：
注意：如果在當(dāng)時轉(zhuǎn)述別人話，不必要改變時間狀語；在原地轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，也不必改變地點(diǎn)狀語，同樣，come也不一定要改為go。
如：John said just now, "I came here yesterday."
→John said just now that he came here yesterday.