插入語(yǔ)的概念:
所謂插入語(yǔ),就是指插在句子中間,對(duì)句子起補(bǔ)充或附加的說(shuō)明的成分。一般說(shuō)來(lái),插入語(yǔ)與句中其他部分沒(méi)有語(yǔ)法上的聯(lián)系,若將其去掉,句子結(jié)構(gòu)仍然完整。插入語(yǔ)在句中主要起解釋、說(shuō)明、總結(jié)等作用,此外還可用于表示說(shuō)話者的態(tài)度和看法、起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用、引起別方的注意、轉(zhuǎn)移話題、承上啟下等。
插入語(yǔ)的幾種類型:
一、形容詞(短語(yǔ))作插入語(yǔ)
如:Sure enough, she was there. 果然她在那里。
Strange to say, he is still ignorant of it.說(shuō)也奇怪,他還不知道這件事。
Mostimportantofall,theseactivitieshavestrengthenedtheirtieswiththeworkingpeople.最重要的是,這些活動(dòng)加強(qiáng)了他們和勞動(dòng)人民的聯(lián)系。
二、副詞(短語(yǔ))作插入語(yǔ)
如:I'm seeing him in May一or rather early June. 我5月份見(jiàn)他——更確切地說(shuō)是在6月初。
We must be back be foremidnight;otherwisewe’llbelockedout.我們必須在午夜之前趕回去,否則我們就會(huì)被鎖在門外。
三、介詞短語(yǔ)作插入語(yǔ)
Hedoesn’tmind.Infact,heisverypleased.他不介意,實(shí)際上他很高興。
Bytheway,doyouknowwhereMarylives?順便問(wèn)一下,你知道瑪麗住在哪里嗎?
Theboyisnotfoolish.Onthecontrary,Ithinkheisveryclever.這孩子不愚蠢,相反我認(rèn)為他很聰明。
Alotofuswanttoleavenow—Bill,forexample[=forexample,Bill].我們很多人現(xiàn)在都想走——比如,比爾就是一例。
四、v-ing分詞(短語(yǔ))作插入語(yǔ)
Generallyspeakingchildrenliketowatchtelevision.一般說(shuō)來(lái),小孩子喜歡看電視。
Judgingfrom[by]hisaccent,hemaybefromthesouth.聽他的口音,他可能是南方人。
五、不定式短語(yǔ)作插入語(yǔ)
Tobeginwith,Idonotlikeitscolour.首先,我不喜歡它的顏色。
Totellthetruth,thefilmwasagreatdisappointmenttome.說(shuō)實(shí)在的,那部影片使我大為失望。
Tomakealongstoryshort,weagreedtodisagree.長(zhǎng)話短說(shuō),我們同意各自保留不同的看法。
六、句子(陳述句和一般疑問(wèn)句等)作插入語(yǔ)
Believeitornot,theygotmarriedsoon.信不信由你,他們不久就結(jié)婚了。
Helearnseasily,andwhat’smore,herememberswhathehaslearnt.他學(xué)習(xí)起來(lái)很容易,而且他所學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)的都記得住。
Hedidn’tgo,that’stosay,it’snotrecordedthathedid.他沒(méi)去,換句話說(shuō),他去了這個(gè)事實(shí)無(wú)案可查。
插入語(yǔ)用法例題解析:
插入語(yǔ)是一種獨(dú)立成分,通常與句中其他成分沒(méi)有語(yǔ)法上的關(guān)系,插入語(yǔ)大都是對(duì)一句話進(jìn)行附加說(shuō)明或解釋,通常由一個(gè)詞、一個(gè)短語(yǔ)或一個(gè)句子構(gòu)成,常置于句首、句中或句末,一般用逗號(hào)或破折號(hào)與句子隔開。下面舉例歸納插入語(yǔ)的幾種用法。
例1:____the more expensive the camera, the better its quality.
A. General speaking
B. Speaking general
C. Generally speaking
D. Speaking generally
解析:本題答案為C. generally speaking為分詞短語(yǔ),意思是“一般來(lái)說(shuō)”,在句中用作插入語(yǔ)。
小結(jié):許多分詞短語(yǔ)可以用作插入語(yǔ),這樣的分詞短語(yǔ)有:strictly speaking(嚴(yán)格地說(shuō)),generally considering(一般認(rèn)為),judging from……(根據(jù)……判斷)等。
例2:Two middle-aged passengers fellin to the sea.____, neither of them could swim.
A. In fact
B. Luckily
C. Unfortunately
D. Naturally
解析:本題答案為C. unfortunately為副詞,意思是“令人遺憾地,不巧,可惜”,在句中用作插入語(yǔ)。
小結(jié):常用作插入語(yǔ)的副詞或副詞短語(yǔ)有:indeed(的確),surely(無(wú)疑),however(然而),frankly(坦率地說(shuō)),obviously(顯然),naturally(天然地),luckily(happily)forsb.(算某人幸運(yùn)),fortunately(幸好),strangely(奇怪),briefly(簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō))等。
例3:Your performance in the driving test didn't reach the required standard, ____, you failed.
A. in the end
B. after all
C. in other words
D. at the same time
解析:本題答案為C. in other words為介詞短語(yǔ),意思是“換句話說(shuō)”,在句中用作插入語(yǔ)。
小結(jié):常用作插入語(yǔ)的介詞短語(yǔ)有:in conclusion(總之),in a word(簡(jiǎn)而言之),in short(簡(jiǎn)而言之),in general(一般說(shuō)來(lái)),in a sense(在某種意義上),in my view(在我看來(lái)),in his opinion(按照他的看法),in fact(事實(shí)上),at first(首先),in addition(此外),of course(當(dāng)然),to my surprise(使我驚奇的),to her regret(使她遺憾的),for example(例如)等。
例4:It is so nice to hear from her.____, we last met more than thirty years ago.
A.What's more
B. That is to say
C. In other words
D. Believe it or not
解析:本題答案為D. believe it or not為一分句,意思是“信不信由你”,在句中作插入語(yǔ)。
小結(jié):用簡(jiǎn)短的句子結(jié)構(gòu)作插入語(yǔ),它們常置于句中或句末。這類簡(jiǎn)短的句子有:I am sure(我可以肯定地說(shuō)),I believe(我相信),do you know(你知道嗎),you see(你明白),I'm afraid(恐怕),it is said(據(jù)說(shuō)),I suppose(我想),what's more(而且),what's worse(更糟糕的是),that is(也就是說(shuō)),what is important(重要的是)等。
例5:____with you, I have no money to spare.
A. To be frank
B. What's more
C. In addition
D. However
解析:本題答案為A. to be frank為不定式短語(yǔ),意思是“坦率地說(shuō)”,在句中用作插入語(yǔ)。
小結(jié):常用作插入語(yǔ)的不定式短語(yǔ)有:to be sure(無(wú)疑地),to sumup(概括地說(shuō)),to tell the truth(老實(shí)說(shuō))等。
例6_____, he should have done such a thing.
A. Speakinggeneral
B. Strangetosay
C. Luckily
D. Ofcourse
解析:本題答案為B. strange to say為形容詞短語(yǔ),意思是“說(shuō)也奇怪”,在句中用作插入語(yǔ)。
小結(jié):常用作插入語(yǔ)的形容詞或其短語(yǔ)有:true(真的),funny(真可笑),needless to say(不用說(shuō)),mos timportant of all(最為重要),worse still(更糟糕的),even better(更好)等。
插入語(yǔ)的幾種類型:
1)形容詞(短語(yǔ))作插入語(yǔ):
能用作插入語(yǔ)的形容詞(短語(yǔ))常見(jiàn)的有:true,wonderful,excellent,strangetosay, mostimportantofall,sureenough等。
如:True, it would be too bad. 真的,太糟了。
Wonderful, we have won again. 太好了,我們又贏了。
2)副詞(短語(yǔ))作插入語(yǔ):
能用作插入語(yǔ)的副詞(短語(yǔ))有:indeed,surely,still,otherwise,certainly,however, generally,personally,honestly,fortunately,luckily,though,besides,exactly, perhaps,maybe,probably,frankly,orrather等。
如:When he got there, he found, however, that the weather was too bad. 可是到了那兒之后他發(fā)現(xiàn),那兒的天氣太壞了。
Otherwise, he would still be at home. 不然的話,他還會(huì)在家的。
3)介詞短語(yǔ)作插入語(yǔ):
能用作插入語(yǔ)的介詞短語(yǔ)有:in fact,in one's opinion,in general,in a word,in other words,in a few words,of course,by the way,as a result,for example,on the contrary,on the other hand,to one's surprise,in short,as a matter of fact, in conclusion,in brief等。
如:You can't wait any more-in other words, you should start at once. 你不能再等了—換言之,你得立即出發(fā)。
On the contrary, we should streng then our cooperation with them. 相反,我們應(yīng)該加強(qiáng)和他們的合作。
4)V-ing(短語(yǔ))作插入語(yǔ):
能用作插入語(yǔ)的V-ing(短語(yǔ))常見(jiàn)的有:generally speaking,strictly speaking,judging from by,talking of,considering等。
如:Generally speaking, the weather there is neither too cold in winter nor too hot in summer. 一般來(lái)說(shuō),那兒的氣候冬天不太冷,夏天不太熱。
Judging by his clothes, he may be an artist. 從衣著來(lái)判斷,他可能是個(gè)藝術(shù)家。
5)不定式短語(yǔ)作插入語(yǔ):
能用作插入語(yǔ)的不定式短語(yǔ)有:to be frank,to be honest,to be sure,to tell you the truth,to make matters worse,to sumup,to start with,to begin with等。
如:To be frank, I don't quite agree with you. 坦率地說(shuō),我不太同意你的意見(jiàn)。
To tell you the truth, I'm not so interested in the matter. 跟你說(shuō)實(shí)話,我對(duì)這件事情的興趣不大。
To sumup, success results from hard work. 總而言之,成功是艱苦努力的結(jié)果。
6)句子(陳述句和一般疑問(wèn)句)作插入語(yǔ):
能用作插入語(yǔ)的句子有:I am sure,I believe,I think,I know,I suppose,I hope,I'm afraid,you see,what's more,that is to say,as we know,as I see,believe it or not等。
如:Some animals only half-hibernate, that is to say, their sleep is not such a deep one. 有些動(dòng)物只是半冬眠,就是說(shuō),它們的睡眠并不是深度睡眠。
I believe, China will catch up with the developed countries sooner or later. 我確信,中國(guó)遲早會(huì)趕上發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家。
He can't pass the exam, because he doesn't study hard.
What's more, he isn't so clever. 他不能通過(guò)這次考試,因?yàn)樗麑W(xué)習(xí)不認(rèn)真,更何況他又不太聰明。