第1篇 艾滋病的英語作文500字
aids, stands for acquired immune deficiency syndrome, is a deadly disease. it malfunctions the human body's defence system, making the infected person extremely vulnerable to diseases, and eventually cause death. aids can be spread in many ways, but the main medium is through having unprotected intercourse with an infected person. apart from that, aids can spread from mother to new born baby, or sharing of needles, shaving blades, or any means of blood contact. once infected, it may take years for the person to notice, and in these years, the infected person may not know and can infect many more, who in turn go and infect others, just like an exponential growth.
第2篇 與艾滋病的斗爭3000字
the uniting of the world around the aids epidemic is without prior example. as the number of aids cases around the world rapidly increases, nations are showing great focus in battling this common enemy attacking rich and poor countries the same.
by 1989, almost every nation on earth had established a program educating its people about aids, according to jonathan mann, director of the world health organization's (who) international program on aids. at that time, 143 countries had reported one or more aids cases.
in addition to national aids programs, working together internationally has begun. through open exchanges of scientific facts as well as support of international organizations such as the world health organization, all nations can join efforts to fight against this life-threatening disease. according to who, this international effort has produced two critical developments: first, there is an amazing level of worldwide focus, using world scientists and international sharing of human and economic resources to fight aids. second, the work of governments, organizations, and businesses has been followed by the very high activity of people - as singles, families, and communities.
the influence of aids
the rise of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) around the earth has represented a major challenge to medical progress both in developed and in less - developed countries. the past forty years saw great success in the control of spreading diseases and great strides toward achieving "health for all by the year 2000" (a major who goal) through improved basic health care, food, cleanliness, and immunization(免疫) programs.
yet, because of its sudden start and rapid spread, aids could soon wipe out this progress. by the end of 1988, more than 130,000 cases of aids were reported, but, because of under reporting, there may actually be more than 350,000 cases. also, at least five million persons likely have the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) (艾滋病病毒), which causes aids. that means as many as 400,000 new cases of aids could occur in the next few years - more than doubling the present total. caring for aids patients could seriously stress economic resources even in richer countries.
preventing one case of aids means preventing many future cases, while preventing a case of measles(麻疹) or malaria(瘧疾) in africa would have little effect on its spreading, since those diseases are already common in many countries. resources devoted to aids testing, care, and education could also be used to battle other, more-known diseases in developing countries.
stopping the spread
aids spreads only in limited ways and can be prevented through informed and mature behavior. encouraging such behavior depends on understanding the different ways aids is spread around the world. aids spreads in three basic ways: first, through sexual intercourse(性交); second, through contact with diseased blood; and third from an hiv mother to her baby. the actual patterns of spreading of the aids virus change from culture to culture.
spreading of aids in north america, western europe, australia, new zealand and parts of latin america occurs most often among homosexual(同性戀) or bisexual(雙性戀) men and intravenous (iv) (靜脈內(nèi)注射的) drug users(吸毒者), most often in city areas. heterosexual(異性之間的) spreading is low, but there is danger that the spread of aids from male(男性) iv-drug users to their female(女性) partners could increase the appearance of aids in the heterosexual population.
in sub-saharan africa and latin america, particularly the caribbean, most cases occur among heterosexuals, and spreading from mother-to-child is common. spreading through homosexual contact and iv-drug use almost does not exist.
in eastern europe, northern africa, the eastern mediterranean, asia, and most of the pacific, fewer cases of aids, usually among drug users, have been reported thus far. the who estimates that bangkok, thailand iv-drug users having the aids virus increased from less than 1 percent in august 1987 to 30 percent one year later.
reaching out
who believes that, as aids becomes more common, the disease promises to unite the world to a degree never seen before. in just two years, the international plan against aids has grown from ideas to practice, from speeches to action. who is certain that, together, we will triumph over aids rather than allow the disease and the fears, worries, and prejudices(偏見) which go with it to overpower us.
第3篇 艾滋病的傳播550字
aids, stands for acquired immune deficiency syndrome, is a deadly disease. it malfunctions the human body's defence system, making the infected person extremely vulnerable to diseases, and eventually cause death.
aids can be spread in many ways, but the main medium is through having unprotected intercourse with an infected person. apart from that, aids can spread from mother to new born baby, or sharing of needles, shaving blades, or any means of blood contact.
once infected, it may take years for the person to notice, and in these years, the infected person may not know and can infect many more, who in turn go and infect others, just like an exponential growth.
第4篇 艾滋病未解之謎2000字
in the 20years since the first cases of aids were detected, scientists say they have learned more about this viral disease than any other.
yet peter piot, who directs the united nations aids program, and stefano vella of rome, president of the international aids society, and other experts say reviewing unanswered questions could prove useful as a measure of progress for aids and other diseases.
among the important broader scientific questions that remain：
why does aids predispose infected persons to certain types of cancer and infections？
a long-standing belief is that cancer cells constantly develop and are held in check by a healthy immune system. but aids has challenged that belief. people with aids are much more prone to certain cancers like non-hodgkins lymphomas and kaposi’s sarcoma , but not to breast, colon and lung, the most common cancers in the united states. this pattern suggests that an impaired immune system, at least the type that occurs in aids, does not allow common cancers to develop.
what route does hiv take after it enters the body to destroy the immune system？
when hiv is transmitted sexually, the virus must cross a tissue barrier to enter the body. how that happens is still unclear. the virus might invade directly or be carried by a series of different kinds of cells.
eventually hiv travels through lymph vessels to lymph nodes and the rest of the lymph system. but what is not known is how the virus proceeds to destroy the body’s cd-4cells that are needed to combat invading infectious agents.
how does hiv subvert the immune sys-tem？
although hiv kills the immune cells sent to kill the virus, there is widespread variation in the rate at which hiv infected people become ill with aids. so scientists ask：can the elements of the immune system responsible for that variability be identified？if so, can they be used to stop progression to aids in infected individuals and possibly prevent infection in the first place？
what is the most effective anti-hiv therapy？
in theory, early treatment should offer the best chance of preserving immune function. but the new drugs do not completely eliminate hiv from the body so the medicines, which can have dangerous side effects, will have to be taken for a lifetime and perhaps changed to combat resistance. the new policy is expected to recommend that treatment be deferred until there are signs the immune system is weakening.
is a vaccine possible？
there is little question that an effective vaccine is crucial to controlling the epidemic . yet only one has reached the stage of full testing, and there is wide controversy over the degree of protection it will provide. hiv strains that are transmitted in various areas of the world differ genetically. it is not known whether a vaccine derived from one type of hiv will confer protection against other types.
in the absence of a vaccine, how can hiv be stopped？
without more incisive , focused behavioral research, prevention messages alone will not stop the global epidemic.
第5篇 against aids1500字
more media coverage is being paid to the hiv/aids situation in china, especially after a gathering of leading officials, scientists, medical workers and activists in the field occurred in beijing on november 10.
by official estimates, china has 840,000 people carrying hiv, the virus that causes aids, and about 80,000 aids patients.
despite the fairly large groups of hiv carriers and aids patients, the epidemic is mostly confined to high-risk groups, such as drug users, prostitutes and users of blood products. and it has yet to spread widely in the rest of the nation.
the chinese government is well aware of such perspectives, and the central and local governments have allocated 6.8 billion yuan (us$822 billion) to establish and improve disease prevention and control mechanisms in provinces. each year a special fund of more than 200 million yuan (us$24 million) is channeled into hiv/aids prevention, care and treatment.
since april, free medicine to poor aids patients has been delivered in regions hit hardest by the virus.
just as the impacts of aids reaches social and economic fields of society, effective prevention also requires united efforts from virtually all sectors.
key factors needed include public education, affordable drugs, medical training for healthcare workers in hospitals and the public health system, monitoring and evaluation, care for orphans, measures to stop mother-to-child transmission, a comprehensive care framework and research into vaccines and a cure.
none of these things can be achieved with the single hand of any institution not health officials, not medical workers or the government.
the fight against hiv/aids requires the participation of as many parties as possible.
as former us president bill clinton said as a co-chair of the advisory board of international aids trust, the aids problem is manageable and preventable though we must wage it on all fronts with tenuous determination, utmost patience and tactful skills.